Alcohol and the sleeping brain.
Alcohol and the sleeping brain.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00024-0
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baker, Fiona C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Colrain, Ian M;Nicholas, Christian L;Baker, Fiona C
酒精起到镇静剂的作用，与调节睡眠的几个重要神经递质系统相互作用。睡前大量饮酒会导致睡眠潜伏期缩短，并在夜间血液酒精含量高的时候改变睡眠结构，随后在夜间晚些时候出现睡眠中断、质量差的情况。酒精滥用和依赖与慢性睡眠障碍、低慢波睡眠和比正常情况下更多的快速眼动睡眠有关，这种情况会持续很长时间，直到戒断期，并可能在复发中起作用。本章概述了急性和慢性酒精对睡眠结构和睡眠脑电图的影响的证据，反复给药的耐受性的证据，以及酒精对睡眠影响的潜在神经化学机制。还讨论了性别差异以及酒精对睡眠稳态和昼夜节律调节的影响。在对青少年进行研究的背景下，讨论了睡眠中断作为发展酒精依赖的风险因素的作用的证据。睡眠诱发电位在评估酒精中毒对睡眠和大脑的影响以及戒断介导的恢复中的效用也被概述。本章总结了一系列需要回答的问题，以确定睡眠和睡眠障碍在问题饮酒的发展和维持中的作用，以及治疗睡眠障碍对维持酒精戒断的潜在有益影响。
Alcohol acts as a sedative that interacts with several neurotransmitter systems important in the regulation of sleep. Acute administration of large amounts of alcohol prior to sleep leads to decreased sleep-onset latency and changes in sleep architecture early in the night, when blood alcohol levels are high, with subsequent disrupted, poor-quality sleep later in the night. Alcohol abuse and dependence are associated with chronic sleep disturbance, lower slow-wave sleep, and more rapid-eye-movement sleep than normal, that last long into periods of abstinence and may play a role in relapse. This chapter outlines the evidence for acute and chronic alcohol effects on sleep architecture and sleep electroencephalogram, evidence for tolerance with repeated administration, and possible underlying neurochemical mechanisms for alcohol's effects on sleep. Also discussed are sex differences as well as effects of alcohol on sleep homeostasis and circadian regulation. Evidence for the role of sleep disruption as a risk factor for developing alcohol dependence is discussed in the context of research conducted in adolescents. The utility of sleep-evoked potentials in the assessment of the effects of alcoholism on sleep and the brain and in abstinence-mediated recovery is also outlined. The chapter concludes with a series of questions that need to be answered to determine the role of sleep and sleep disturbance in the development and maintenance of problem drinking and the potential beneficial effects of the treatment of sleep disorders for maintenance of abstinence in alcoholism.