Human and Animal Fecal Contamination of Community Water Sources, Stored Drinking Water and Hands in Rural India Measured with Validated Microbial Source Tracking Assays.
Human and Animal Fecal Contamination of Community Water Sources, Stored Drinking Water and Hands in Rural India Measured with Validated Microbial Source Tracking Assays.
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.14-0824
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发表时间：
2015-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jenkins MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schriewer A;Odagiri M;Wuertz S;Misra PR;Panigrahi P;Clasen T;Jenkins MW
我们检查了印度奥里萨邦24个村庄的人类和动物粪便污染暴露途径。在季风季节的一项横断面研究中，使用人类和非人类相关的拟杆菌属微生物源追踪（MST）标记物和粪便大肠菌群（fc）评估了通过社区水源（N = 123）和家庭（N = 137）的粪便暴露。检测了检出率和标记物浓度，以确定研究社区中公共和家庭疾病传播领域的人类粪便暴露途径。在家庭领域（45%的家庭）检测到人类粪便标志物的频率远高于公共领域（8%的池塘；4%的地下水饮用水源）。在这两个地区（74%的池塘、96%的家庭和10%的地下水饮用水源）均广泛检测到动物粪便标志物，表明暴露于动物粪便和人畜共患病原体的风险无处不在。这项研究证实了一种经常被提出的污染联系，即在发展中国家，母亲和儿童的手分别与家中储存的水以及人类和动物粪便污染有关。与MST标记物相比，fc提供了一个较差的指标来评估在农村环境中暴露于人类粪便污染的风险。
We examined pathways of exposure to fecal contamination of human and animal origin in 24 villages in Odisha, India. In a cross-sectional study during the monsoon season, fecal exposure via community water sources (N = 123) and in the home (N = 137) was assessed using human- and nonhuman-associated Bacteroidales microbial source tracking (MST) markers and fecal coliforms (FCs). Detection rates and marker concentrations were examined to pinpoint pathways of human fecal exposure in the public and domestic domains of disease transmission in study communities. Human fecal markers were detected much more frequently in the domestic domain (45% of households) than in public domain sources (8% of ponds; 4% of groundwater drinking sources). Animal fecal markers were widely detected in both domains (74% of ponds, 96% of households, 10% of groundwater drinking sources), indicating ubiquitous risks of exposure to animal feces and zoonotic pathogens. This study confirms an often suggested contamination link from hands to stored water in the home in developing countries separately for mothers' and children's hands and both human and animal fecal contamination. In contrast to MST markers, FCs provided a poor metric to assess risks of exposure to fecal contamination of human origin in this rural setting.