Goldstone bosons and fluctuating hydrodynamics with dipole and momentum conservation
Goldstone bosons and fluctuating hydrodynamics with dipole and momentum conservation
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DOI：
10.1007/jhep05(2023)022
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Paolo Glorioso;Xiaoyang Huang;Jinkang Guo;J. Rodriguez-Nieva;Andrew Lucas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paolo Glorioso;Xiaoyang Huang;Jinkang Guo;J. Rodriguez-Nieva;Andrew Lucas
我们发展了一个Schwinger-Keldysh有效场论，描述了具有守恒电荷和偶极矩以及守恒动量的流体的流体动力学。所得到的水动力模式非常不寻常，包括具有二次（类磁振子）色散关系和亚扩散衰减率的声波。流体力学本身在四维空间下是不稳定的。我们证明了动量密度在第一阶上是偶极对称的戈德斯通玻色子，它在有限电荷密度下出现自发破缺。与普通流体不同，存在或不存在能量守恒定性地改变了水动力模式的衰减率。这种有效场论与弯曲时空和背景规范场自然耦合；在平坦时空限制下，我们再现了先前耦合到分形物质的“混合秩张量场”。
We develop a Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theory describing the hydrodynamics of a fluid with conserved charge and dipole moments, together with conserved momentum. The resulting hydrodynamic modes are highly unusual, including sound waves with quadratic (magnon-like) dispersion relation and subdiffusive decay rate. Hydrodynamics itself is unstable below four spatial dimensions. We show that the momentum density is, at leading order, the Goldstone boson for a dipole symmetry which appears spontaneously broken at finite charge density. Unlike an ordinary fluid, the presence or absence of energy conservation qualitatively changes the decay rates of the hydrodynamic modes. This effective field theory naturally couples to curved spacetime and background gauge fields; in the flat spacetime limit, we reproduce the “mixed rank tensor fields” previously coupled to fracton matter.