Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-011-5636-3_7
复制
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. H. Burris;G. P. Roberts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. H. Burris;G. P. Roberts
生物固氮（BNF）是将大气中的氮转化为植物可用形式的微生物，有助于补充因植物去除、氨挥发、反硝化和淋溶而损失的土壤氮。能够固定大气氮的微生物广泛分布于地球表面，存在着由微生物和植物组成的各种生物固氮系统（表7.1）。据估计，每年生物固定的氮总量约为1.75亿吨（狄克逊和惠勒，1986年），显然生物固氮对全世界的农业生产作出了巨大贡献。Dou（1989 a）估计，在澳大利亚、新西兰和美国，通过生物固氮的氮输入大于化肥氮输入。在中国，1987年通过生物固氮的氮素投入虽然比化肥投入少得多，但仍占农业总投入的14.5%（表14.9）。
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), the microbial conversion of atmospheric N to a plant-useable form, helps to replenish the soil N lost by plant removal, ammonia volatilization, denitrification and leaching. Microorganisms capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen are widely distributed on the surface of the earth, and various BNF systems composed of microorganisms and plants exist (Table 7.1). It has been estimated that the total amount of N fixed biologically each year is of the order of 175 million tons (Dixon and Wheeler 1986), and it is apparent that BNF has contributed greatly to agricultural production throughout the world. Dou (1989a) estimates that N input through BNF was greater than fertilizer N input in Australia, New Zealand and USA. In China, N input through BNF in 1987, though much less than fertilizer input, still amounted to 14.5% of the total input in agriculture (Table 14.9).