ACE2 in Brain Physiology and Pathophysiology: Evidence from Transgenic Animal Models
ACE2 in Brain Physiology and Pathophysiology: Evidence from Transgenic Animal Models
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DOI：
10.1007/s11064-018-2679-4
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Bader, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alenina, Natalia;Bader, Michael
血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE 2）是由两个结构域组成的蛋白质，N-末端是与ACE同源的羧肽酶，C-末端与collectrin同源，负责将中性氨基酸转运蛋白B（0）AT 1运输到肠上皮细胞的质膜。羧肽酶结构域不仅将血管紧张素II代谢为血管紧张素-（1-7），而且还代谢其他肽底物，如爱帕琳、激肽和吗啡。此外，collectrin结构域调节血液中某些氨基酸的水平，特别是色氨酸。因此，毫不奇怪，ACE 2表达发生遗传改变的动物发展出多种表型模式，从高血压、代谢和行为功能障碍到5-羟色胺合成和神经发生障碍。这篇综述总结了这些动物的表型，特别关注中枢神经系统。
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a protein consisting of two domains, the N-terminus is a carboxypeptidase homologous to ACE and the C-terminus is homologous to collectrin and responsible for the trafficking of the neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 to the plasma membrane of gut epithelial cells. The carboxypeptidase domain not only metabolizes angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7), but also other peptide substrates, such as apelin, kinins and morphins. In addition, the collectrin domain regulates the levels of some amino acids in the blood, in particular of tryptophan. Therefore it is of no surprise that animals with genetic alterations in the expression of ACE2 develop a diverse pattern of phenotypes ranging from hypertension, metabolic and behavioural dysfunctions, to impairments in serotonin synthesis and neurogenesis. This review summarizes the phenotypes of such animals with a particular focus on the central nervous system.