CELLULAR INTERACTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT OF SHELL GLAND OF GASTROPOD ILYANASSA
CELLULAR INTERACTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT OF SHELL GLAND OF GASTROPOD ILYANASSA
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.1401660204
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发表时间：
1967-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
CATHER, JN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CATHER, JN
为了确定Ilyanassa壳腺的细胞谱系，用碳颗粒标记2d和2c微米粒。2d微节衍生物形成壳腺，但2c衍生物随后被并入外套膜。缺失2d会导致壳异常，但在约10%的病例中，壳看起来正常，尽管有点小。2c的缺失也会导致特征性的外壳异常。在删除2d和2c之后，没有壳形成。当2c被标记而2d被删除时，壳腺被标记。任何四分之一的胚胎都可以形成内壳块。在1013个分离的外胚层（−3A、−3B、−3C、−3D）中，没有形成壳材料。外胚层与任何单一的大单体形成壳具有良好的形态建成，外胚层加4d。后外胚叶加4d，大小相当于离体的完整外胚叶，形成外壳。正确定向的外胚层与极叶接触生长，在高达70%的情况下形成外壳;在其中一半的情况下，外壳是外部的。从外胚层加上3C系列的胚胎在第一天的时间间隔删除大单体导致胚胎不形成壳。外胚叶与极叶接触6d后分离，第7 ~ 8d发育成壳。(1)单独的外胚层和内胚层都不能形成壳，但任何外胚层-内胚层组合都具有形成壳材料的组织发生能力;（2）内胚层在发育的第2天至第6天之间发挥其影响;（3）只有那些在第三个四分体期包括或接触极叶细胞质的组合才能进行正常的形态发生;（4）移植的极叶可以诱导外胚层形成壳;（5）极叶细胞质存在时，形成壳的组织发生能力被抑制或不被激活，D象限除外;（6）D象限的特化是螺旋虫的主要进化趋势之一。
To determine the cell lineage of the shell gland inIlyanassa, the 2d and 2c micromeres were marked with carbon granules. The 2d micromere derivatives form the shell gland, but 2c derivatives are later incorporated into the mantle. Deletion of 2d causes shell abnormalities but, in about 10% of the cases, the shell appears normal although somewhat small. Deletion of 2c also causes characteristic shell abnormalities. After deletion of both 2d and 2c, no shell forms. When 2c is marked and 2d deleted, the shell gland is marked. Any one‐quarter embryo can form internal shell masses. In 1013 isolated ectoblasts (−3A, −3B, −3C, −3D), no shell material formed. Ectoblast with any single macromere formed shell with good morphogenesis, as did ectoblast plus 4d. Posterior ectoblast plus 4d, equivalent in size to isolated whole ectoblast, formed external shell. Properly oriented ectoblast, grown in contact with a polar lobe, formed shell in up to 70% of the cases; in one‐half of these, the shell was external. Deletion of the macromere from an ectoblast plus 3C series of embryos at intervals through the first day resulted in embryos which did not form shell. Ectoblast in contact with polarlobe for six days, then separated, developed shell on the seventh or eighth day. (1) Neither ectoderm nor endoderm in isolation will form shell but any ectoderm‐endoderm combination has the histogenetic ability to form shell material; (2) the endoderm exerts its influence between the second and sixth days of development; (3) only those combinations including or in contat with polar lobe cytoplasm through the third quartet stage undergo normal morphogenesis; (4) transplanted polar lobes can induce ectoderm to form shell; (5) the histogenetic ability to form shell is suppressed or unactivated when polar lobe cytoplasm is present, except in the D quadrant; (6) specialization of the D quadrant is one of the major evolutionary trends in spiralians.