Safecast: successful citizen-science for radiation measurement and communication after Fukushima
Safecast: successful citizen-science for radiation measurement and communication after Fukushima
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DOI：
10.1088/0952-4746/36/2/s82
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Moross, Joe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Azby;Franken, Pieter;Moross, Joe
2011年3月11日开始的福岛Daichi核电站灾难提供了一个重要机会，可以评估核电站运营商（东京电力公司）、日本相关政府机构和国际监督机构的准备情况，迅速收集有关辐射风险的必要信息，并与负责应急反应的人员和公众分享。关于这场灾难的几份正式报告充分指出了这种准备工作的不足以及机构间和政府间沟通的混乱性质。作为回应，2011年3月12日，即事故发生后一天，成立了Safecast，这是一个国际志愿组织，致力于监测和公开分享环境辐射和其他污染物的信息。从那时起，该小组实施了参与式，开源，以公民科学为中心的辐射测绘解决方案，通过合作开放创新的过程开发。事实证明，Safecast提供的信息对专家、决策者和公众都很有用。本文简要介绍了Safecast开发和部署的方法和工具集，以及组织和社会方面，并总结了迄今为止取得的主要成果。此外，它还讨论了评估公民科学工作（如Safecast）成功的适当标准，并将其与其他非政府辐射监测工作联系起来。
The Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Power Plant disaster, which began on 11 March 2011, provided a crucial opportunity to evaluate the state of preparation on the part the powerplant operator (TEPCO), relevant Japanese government agencies, and international oversight bodies, to gather necessary information on radiation risks quickly and to share it with those tasked with emergency response as well as with the general public. The inadequacy of this preparation and the chaotic nature of inter-agency and inter-governmental communication has been well noted in several official reports on the disaster. In response, Safecast, an international, volunteer-based organization devoted to monitoring and openly sharing information on environmental radiation and other pollutants, was initiated on 12 March 2011, one day following the start of the accident. Since then the group has implemented participatory, open-source, citizen-science-centered radiation mapping solutions developed through a process of collaborative open innovation. The information Safecast provided has proven useful to experts, to policy makers, and to the public. This paper briefly describes the methodology and toolsets Safecast has developed and deployed, as well as organizational and social aspects, and summarizes key results obtained to date. In addition, it discusses appropriate criteria for evaluating the success of citizen-science efforts like Safecast, and places it in context with other non-governmental radiation monitoring efforts.