Social Touch in Human–Computer Interaction
Social Touch in Human–Computer Interaction
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人机交互中的社交接触
作者：
J. V. Erp;A. Toet
触摸是我们传达亲密情感的主要非语言沟通渠道，因此对我们的身体和情感健康至关重要。在我们的数字时代，人类的社会互动往往是中介的。然而，即使有越来越多的证据表明，介导的触摸提供情感通信，当前的通信系统（如视频会议）仍然不支持通过触觉的通信。因此，中介沟通不提供强烈的情感体验的同位通信。对ICT介导或生成的触摸作为社交通信的直观方式的需求甚至进一步强调了对医疗保健，教学和远程呈现应用中使用触摸功能的代理和机器人的日益增长的兴趣。在这里，我们回顾了社交接触在我们日常生活中的重要作用，以及现有的证据表明，情感接触可以在人类之间以及人类与数字代理之间可靠地进行调解。我们的观察基于心理学、计算机科学、社会学和神经科学的证据，重点关注前两个。我们的综述表明，介导的情感触摸可以调节生理反应，增加信任和情感，帮助建立人类与化身或机器人之间的联系，并启动亲社会行为。我们认为，信息通信技术介导或产生的社会接触可以（a）加强感知的社会存在的远程通信伙伴和（B）使计算机系统更有效地传达情感信息。然而，这个研究领域的信息和通信技术和心理学的十字路口仍然是胚胎，我们确定了几个主题，可以帮助成熟的领域在以下领域：建立一个总体的理论框架，采用更好的研究方法，开发基本的社会接触积木，并解决具体的信息和通信技术的挑战。
Touch is our primary non-verbal communication channel for conveying intimate emotions and as such essential for our physical and emotional wellbeing. In our digital age, human social interaction is often mediated. However, even though there is increasing evidence that mediated touch affords affective communication, current communication systems (such as videoconferencing) still do not support communication through the sense of touch. As a result, mediated communication does not provide the intense affective experience of co-located communication. The need for ICT mediated or generated touch as an intuitive way of social communication is even further emphasized by the growing interest in the use of touch-enabled agents and robots for healthcare, teaching, and telepresence applications. Here, we review the important role of social touch in our daily life and the available evidence that affective touch can be mediated reliably between humans and between humans and digital agents. We base our observations on evidence from psychology, computer science, sociology, and neuroscience with focus on the first two. Our review shows that mediated affective touch can modulate physiological responses, increase trust and affection, help to establish bonds between humans and avatars or robots, and initiate pro-social behavior. We argue that ICT mediated or generated social touch can (a) intensify the perceived social presence of remote communication partners and (b) enable computer systems to more effectively convey affective information. However, this research field on the crossroads of ICT and psychology is still embryonic and we identify several topics that can help to mature the field in the following areas: establishing an overarching theoretical framework, employing better research methodologies, developing basic social touch building blocks, and solving specific ICT challenges.