MIGRATORY ORIENTATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE MEADOW PIPIT (ANTHUS-PRATENSIS) - A COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FIELD-STUDY
MIGRATORY ORIENTATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE MEADOW PIPIT (ANTHUS-PRATENSIS) - A COMPARATIVE OBSERVATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FIELD-STUDY
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DOI：
10.1163/156853987x00215
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发表时间：
1987-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
WILTSCHKO, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HELBIG, AJ;ORTH, G;WILTSCHKO, W
通过(1)在德国西北部观察可见的迁徙和用指南针测量飞行方向(1980-1985年)和(2)在放射状网箱中进行笼养候鸟的定向实验(Merkel和Fromme，1958)，研究了草地琵琶的迁徙和定向。在晴天和阴天，自由飞燕在秋季向西南迁徙，在春季向东北迁徙，但平均而言，阴天下迁徙较少。在实地，迁徙在头两个上午达到顶峰，到10月底几乎结束。强烈的迁徙总是与飞行方向的最小分散相对应。在定向笼中，鸟儿在秋季面向东南方向，在春季面向西北方向，但仅在晴朗的天气下前三个小时内。与9月/10月相比，11月份的活动在当天晚些时候(春季)显著减少，与晴朗的天空相比，天气阴沉。鸟类越活跃，它们相对于总体平均方向的定向就越好。一般而言，只有当野外迁徙强度最大时，笼子中才会出现有意义的定向。笼子里缺乏良好的定向行为并不一定是由于无法定向，而可能是缺乏迁徙动机的结果。6小时的顺时针转换并没有导致它们的方向选择发生明显的变化，但在秋季产生了轴向的NE-西南方向，而在春季则出现了定向障碍。这一结果并不支持昼夜候鸟主要通过太阳指南针进行定向的假设。
Meadow pipit migration and orientation was studied by (1) watching visible migration and measuring flight directions with a compass in NW-Germany (1980-1985) and (2) conducting orientation experiments with caged migrants in radial-perch cages (MERKEL and FROMME, 1958). Free-flying pipits migrated SW in autumn and NE in spring in sunny and overcast weather, but on average there was less migration under overcast. In the field migration peaked in the first two morning hours and was almost over by the end of October. Strong migration always corresponded to a minimal scatter of flight directions. In the orientation cages the birds oriented SE in autumn and NNW in spring, but only in sunny weather during the first three morning hours. Activity decreased markedly later in the day (spring), in November compared to September/October and under overcast compared to sunny skies. The more active the birds were, the better was their orientation with respect to the overall mean direction. In general, meaningful orientation in the cages occurred only when migration intensity in the field was maximal. A lack of well-oriented behaviour in the cage is not necessarily caused by an inability to orient, but may be a consequence of low motivation to migrate. A six hour clockshift of experimental birds did not lead to a clear shift of their directional choices, but produced an axial NE-SW orientation in autumn and disorientation is spring. This result does not support the assumption that diurnal migrants orient primarily by means of a sun compass.