Public diplomacy: Taxonomies and histories
Public diplomacy: Taxonomies and histories
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DOI：
10.1177/0002716207311952
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Cull, Nicholas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cull, Nicholas J.
公共外交是一个经常使用的术语，但很少受到严格的分析。这篇文章大量借鉴了英国外交和联邦事务部2007年春季委托撰写的一份报告，对公共外交的组成部分及其相互关系进行了简单的分类。这些组成部分是（1）倾听，（2）宣传，（3）文化外交，（4）交流，（5）国际广播。它检查了五个成功的和五个不成功的使用每个单独的组成部分，从美国，法德、瑞士和英国的外交惯例。失败的主要原因是修辞与现实之间的差异。最后一节适用于作者的分类当代公共外交的挑战，并特别强调需要概念化的公共外交官的任务，作为“模因”（思想能够从一个人传播到另一个社会网络）的创建者和传播者，并作为网络和关系的创建者和促进者。
Public diplomacy is a term much used but seldom subjected to rigorous analysis. This article-which draws heavily on a report commissioned by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office in the spring of 2007-sets out a simple taxonomy of public diplomacy's components and their interrelationships. These components are (1) listening, (2) advocacy, (3) cultural diplomacy, (4) exchange, and (5) international broadcasting. It examines five successful and five unsuccessful uses of each individual component drawing from the history of U.S., Franco-German, Swiss, and British diplomatic practice. The failures arise chiefly from a discrepancy between rhetoric and reality. The final section applies the author's taxonomy to the challenges of contemporary public diplomacy and places special emphasis on the need to conceptualize the task of the public diplomat as that of the creator and disseminator of "memes" (ideas capable of being spread from one person to another across a social network) and as a creator and facilitator of networks and relationships.