Synergy between MC1R and ASIP for coat color in horses (Equus caballus)
Synergy between MC1R and ASIP for coat color in horses (Equus caballus)
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MC1R 和 ASIP 之间的协同作用对马（Equus caballus）毛色的影响
DOI：
10.1093/jas/skz071
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Wang, Zhe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shang, Songyang;Yu, Yan;Wang, Zhe
通过驯化和人类的选择，马获得了各种各样的毛色，包括七种表型：黑色、棕色、暗海湾、海湾、栗色、白色和灰色。本文测定了15个品种709匹马的黑色素皮质素-1受体（MCIR）和刺痛信号蛋白（ASIP）的基因型。我们发现，MC1R处的(EEE)-E-E基因型频率从深色到浅色呈下降趋势（黑色= 64.5%，棕色= 67.5%，深海湾= 47.0%，深海湾= 16.5%，栗色= 0.0%），而ASIP处的A(A)A(A)基因型频率随着毛色变浅呈上升趋势（黑色= 0.0%，棕色= 22.9%，深海湾= 69.2%，深海湾= 83.0%）。在MCIR和ASIP检测组合基因型时，每种颜色均有不同的优势基因型组合：黑色(EEE)-E-E-A(a) a (a)(64.5%)，棕色(EEE)-E-E-A(a) a (a)(47.0%)，暗色(EEE)-E-E-A(a) a (a)(36.2%和33.0%，共69.2%)，海湾(EEE)-E-E-A(a) a (a)(69.6%)，栗色(EEE)-E-E-A(a) a (a)（62.6%）。chi(2)检验显示，马毛色表型与MCIR和ASIP基因型显著相关（p < 0.001）。此外，与之前的研究相反，a (a) a (a)只在黑色、栗色和灰色的马中发现，我们也在棕色、暗海湾、海湾和白色的马中发现了这种等位基因。这些结果表明，MCIR和ASIP可能协同影响马毛色中的黑色素水平，并且其他基因可能参与调节毛色，特别是白色和灰色毛色。本研究为进一步研究MCIR和ASIP在马毛色中的协同作用提供了新的数据。
Through domestication and human selection, horses have acquired various coat colors, including seven phenotypes: black, brown, dark bay, bay, chestnut, white, and gray. Here we determined the genotypes for melanocortin-1 receptor (MCIR) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP) in 709 horses from 15 breeds. We found that the (EEE)-E-E genotype frequency at MC1R decreased from dark to light colors (black = 64.5%, brown = 67.5%, dark bay = 47.0%, bay = 16.5%, and chestnut = 0.0%), whereas the A(A)A(A) genotype frequency at ASIP increased as coat color lightened (black = 0.0%, brown = 22.9%, dark bay = 69.2%, and bay = 83.0%). When combined genotypes at MCIR and ASIP were examined, different advantage genotype combinations were found for each color: black (EEE)-E-E-A(a)A(a) (64.5%), brown (EEE)-E-E-A(A)A(a) (47.0%), dark bay (EEE)-E-E-A(A)A(A), and (EEe)-E-E-A(A)A(A) (36.2% and 33.0%, totally 69.2%), bay (EEe)-E-E-A(A)A (A) (69.6%), and chestnut (EEe)-E-e-A(A)A(A) (62.6%). The chi(2) test showed that the phenotypes of horse coat colors were significantly related with the genotypes of MCIR and ASIP (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in contrast to a previous study where A(a)A(a) was only found in black, chestnut, and gray horses, we also found this allele in brown, dark bay, bay, and white horses. These results indicated that MCIR and ASIP may synergistically affect the levels of melanin in equine coat colors and that additional genes are likely involved in regulating coat colors, especially for white and gray colors. Our research provides new data for further studies on the synergetic actions of MCIR and ASIP in coat color of horses.