Foreign Terrorist Organization designation, international cooperation, and terrorism
Foreign Terrorist Organization designation, international cooperation, and terrorism
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外国恐怖组织认定、国际合作和恐怖主义
DOI：
10.1080/03050629.2019.1556158
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
B. J. Phillips
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. J. Phillips
摘要给激进组织贴上“外国恐怖组织”(FTO)的标签对他们有何影响？除了其明显的政策重要性外，这个问题还涉及到关于反恐、恐怖主义融资和国家以下暴力的组织动态的辩论。本文分析了FTO认定，这是美国政府自1997年以来一直使用的一项关键政策，目的是向外国恐怖组织和那些可能支持他们的人收取成本。与制裁无效和恐怖主义过于“廉价”而不会受到影响的论点相反，有人认为，指认应该削弱恐怖组织，随着时间的推移减少他们的袭击。然而，影响可能是有条件的。鉴于反恐国际合作的重要性，FTO的指定应该对在与美国结盟的国家活动的组织特别有效。全球量化分析表明，考虑到许多其他因素，在与美国结盟的国家运营的FTO随着时间的推移实施的攻击比其他组织要少。
ABSTRACT How does branding militant groups as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations” (FTOs) affect them? Beyond its obvious policy importance, this question speaks to debates about counterterrorism, terrorism financing, and organizational dynamics of subnational violence. This article analyzes FTO designation, a key policy used by the U.S. government since 1997 to impose costs on foreign terrorist groups and those who might support them. Contrary to arguments that sanctions are ineffective and that terrorism is too “cheap” to be affected, it is argued that designation should weaken terrorist groups, reducing their attacks over time. However, the effect is probably conditional. FTO designation should be especially effective against groups operating in U.S.-aligned countries, given the importance of international cooperation in counterterrorism. Global quantitative analyses suggest that FTOs operating in U.S.-aligned countries carry out fewer attacks over time than other groups, taking many other factors into consideration.