MASS FLOWERING OF DIPTEROCARP FORESTS IN THE ASEASONAL TROPICS
MASS FLOWERING OF DIPTEROCARP FORESTS IN THE ASEASONAL TROPICS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02703079
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发表时间：
1993-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
APPANAH, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
APPANAH, S
马来西亚西部的非季节性热带雨林每隔 2 至 10 年不定期地大量开花，随后结果肥大。在盛花期，森林中几乎一半的成熟个体以及超过 80% 的树冠和挺水树种可能会开花。这涉及森林中 200 多种树种在短短 3-4 个月内开花。大规模开花期间的授粉需求似乎可以通过多种方式来克服。森林中授粉媒介的数量似乎正在迅速增加。部分原因是授粉媒介从森林边缘迁徙到过量的花朵上寻找食物。与此同时，一些拥有共同传粉昆虫的植物群似乎通过按种间顺序开花来减少传粉昆虫的竞争。龙脑香科的许多成员也进化出了顺序开花。它们还拥有独特的传粉媒介，即常见的较新的蓟马，它们通过在开花前几周出现的数百万个龙脑香新芽为食和繁殖，数量迅速增加。这种不规则但广泛的大规模开花的环境线索可以追溯到 4 或 5 晚夜间平均气温小幅下降约 2 摄氏度。这种温度下降的条件发生在厄尔尼诺事件期间。
At irregular intervals of 2 to 10 years the aseasonal tropical rain forests in west Malesia come into heavy mass flowering, followed by mast fruiting. During a heavy flowering almost half the mature individuals and over 80% of the canopy and emergent tree species in a forest may flower. This involves over 200 tree species in a forest flowering over a short period of 3-4 months. The pollination needs during a mass flowering appears to be overcome in several ways. A rapid increase in the number of pollinators seems to occur in the forest. This is partly caused by the migration of pollinators from the fringes of the forest to forage on the superabundance of flowers. At the same time, some groups of plants which share common pollinators appear to reduce pollinator competition by flowering in interspecific sequence. Many members of the family Dipterocarpaceae have evolved sequential flowering too. They also share unique pollinators, common newer thrips which appear to build up rapidly in numbers by feeding and breeding on the millions of dipterocarp newer buds which are present several weeks before the flowering. The environmental cue for this irregular, but widespread mass flowering can be traced to a small dip of about 2 degrees C below mean night-time temperature for 4 or 5 nights. The conditions for such temperature drops occur during El Nino events.