Look Before You Regulate: Differential Perceptual Strategies Underlying Expressive Suppression and Cognitive Reappraisal
Look Before You Regulate: Differential Perceptual Strategies Underlying Expressive Suppression and Cognitive Reappraisal
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024009
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Chiao, Joan Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bebko, Genna M.;Franconeri, Steven L.;Chiao, Joan Y.
成功的情绪调节对于维持心理健康非常重要。尽管众所周知，情绪调节策略，例如认知重评和表达抑制，可能会对情绪反应产生不同的后果，但这些差异背后的认知过程仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用眼球追踪来研究注意力部署在情绪调节成功中的作用。我们假设，复杂视觉场景的情感区域的注意力部署差异可能是这两种策略对情感体验产生不同影响的一个因素。当健康的年轻成年参与者观看负面的 IAPS 图像并使用认知重评或表达抑制来调节他们的情绪反应时，测量了眼球运动、瞳孔大小和自我报告的负面情绪体验。与之前的研究一致，重新评估者报告称，与基线条件相比，在调节情绪时，他们的负面情绪明显低于抑制者。在两组中，参与者在情绪调节过程中将目光从情绪区域移开，这种效应对于抑制者来说更为明显。重要的是，无论情绪调节策略如何，关注复杂视觉场景的情绪区域的参与者更有可能获得情绪调节成功。总而言之，这些结果表明，注意力部署因情绪调节策略而异，并且成功的情绪调节取决于人们在复杂的视觉场景中看待情绪内容的程度。
Successful emotion regulation is important for maintaining psychological well-being. Although it is known that emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, may have divergent consequences for emotional responses, the cognitive processes underlying these differences remain unclear. Here we used eye-tracking to investigate the role of attentional deployment in emotion regulation success. We hypothesized that differences in the deployment of attention to emotional areas of complex visual scenes may be a contributing factor to the differential effects of these two strategies on emotional experience. Eye-movements, pupil size, and self-reported negative emotional experience were measured while healthy young adult participants viewed negative IAPS images and regulated their emotional responses using either cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression. Consistent with prior work, reappraisers reported feeling significantly less negative than suppressers when regulating emotion as compared to a baseline condition. Across both groups, participants looked away from emotional areas during emotion regulation, an effect that was more pronounced for suppressers. Critically, irrespective of emotion regulation strategy, participants who looked toward emotional areas of a complex visual scene were more likely to experience emotion regulation success. Taken together, these results demonstrate that attentional deployment varies across emotion regulation strategies and that successful emotion regulation depends on the extent to which people look toward emotional content in complex visual scenes.