Woodland birds in patchy landscapes: the evidence base for strategic networks
Woodland birds in patchy landscapes: the evidence base for strategic networks
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-919x.2007.00748.x
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发表时间：
2007-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Watts, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dolman, P. M.;Hinsley, S. A.;Watts, K.
在森林网络中创造和管理生境是减少生态隔离和破碎化有害影响的潜在有效战略。然而，不同方法的相对优势仍然存在问题，例如缓冲补丁与增加连接性。林地破碎化的潜在影响包括减少区域林地覆盖，减少斑块大小，边缘效应与核心栖息地的损失，并增加隔离与分散和集合种群动态中断。我们采用以证据为基础的方法来审查这些如何影响林地鸟类，重点是来自英国的研究，并利用这一点来确定缓解的管理重点。有证据表明，斑块面积和组成的影响：较大的林地支持更多的林地鸟类物种，和森林位于疏林景观是不太有价值的专业林地物种。鸟类群聚表现出嵌套模式，相对于面积，因此在小树林中发现的物种也发生在大树林中，但反之亦然。然而，一些边缘物种可能更喜欢小树林，而小树林在鸟类物种组成上也有更大的变化。考虑到专业物种的集合种群动态与穷人的扩散表明，创造或缓冲大林地是更有效的比一个更大的总面积的小片段。连通性似乎是最有用的广泛的通才物种几乎连续的人口。林地的结构和质量至关重要：除了成熟林地外，幼林、灌木丛和边缘也是关键组成部分。迫切需要研究英国林地内巢捕食和景观结构之间的关系。
Habitat creation and management within wooded networks is a potentially effective strategy to reduce ecological isolation and the deleterious effects of fragmentation. However, questions remain over the relative advantages of different approaches, e.g. buffering patches vs. increasing connectivity. Potential effects of woodland fragmentation include reduction in regional woodland cover, reduced patch size, edge effects with loss of core habitat, and increased isolation with disruption of dispersal and metapopulation dynamics. We adopt an evidence-based approach to review how each of these affects woodland birds with an emphasis on studies from the UK and use this to identify management priorities for mitigation. There is evidence for both patch area and composition effects: larger woodlands support more woodland bird species, and woods located within sparsely wooded landscapes are less valuable to specialist woodland species. Bird assemblages show a nested pattern with respect to area, and thus species found in small woods also occur in large woods but not vice versa. However, small woods may be preferred by a few edge species, while small woods also have greater variability in bird species composition. Consideration of the metapopulation dynamics of specialist species with poor dispersal shows that creating or buffering large woodlands is more efficient than a greater total area of small fragments. Connectivity appears most useful for widespread generalist species with almost continuous populations. Woodland structure and quality are of overwhelming importance: as well as mature woodland, young growth, scrub and edges are also key components. There is an urgent need to examine the relationship between nest predation and landscape structure within UK woodlands.