Effect of glucogenic vs. lipogenic diets on energy balance, blood metabolites, and reproduction in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in early lactation.
Effect of glucogenic vs. lipogenic diets on energy balance, blood metabolites, and reproduction in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in early lactation.
复制标题
生糖日粮与生脂日粮对泌乳早期初产和多产奶牛能量平衡、血液代谢和繁殖的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Bastiaan Kemp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A.T.M. van Knegsel;H. V. D. Brand;J. Dijkstra;W. M. Straalen;Ruurd Jorritsma;S. Tamminga;Bastiaan Kemp
据推测，相对于生脂营养素，增加生糖营养素的可用性可减少乳脂的产生，改善能量平衡（EB），并降低泌乳早期奶牛代谢和生殖疾病的发生率和严重程度。因此，我们的目的是评估产糖、产脂或混合饮食对泌乳早期高产奶牛EB、血浆代谢物和代谢激素、肝脏甘油三酯（TAG）和生殖变量的影响。奶牛（n = 114）被随机分配到3种饮食中的1种，并从预期产犊日期前第3周至产后第9周饲喂主要产脂饮食、主要产糖饮食或两种饮食的混合物（50：50干物质基础）。饮食是等热量（净能量基础）和相等的肠道可消化蛋白质。干物质摄入量，净能量摄入量，产奶量和乳蛋白百分比之间的饮食没有差异。牛奶乳糖百分比是较低的奶牛喂养的脂肪饲料。与饲喂混合或生脂饲料的奶牛相比，饲喂生糖饲料的经产奶牛的乳脂率较低（分别为3.69 vs. 4.02 vs. 4.22 +/-0.07%）。与饲喂混合或脂肪生成饲料的奶牛相比，饲喂生糖饲料的经产奶牛的EB计算值阴性程度较低[分别为-33 vs. -125 vs. -89 +/- 21 kJ/（kg（0.75）x d）]。产后，产糖饮食降低血浆非酯化脂肪酸，β-羟基丁酸，和肝脏TAG浓度和增加胰岛素浓度在经产奶牛。与混合或生脂饮食相比，生糖饮食倾向于减少经产奶牛第一次泌乳孕酮升高的天数（分别为20.4 vs. 24.4 vs. 26.4 +/- 2.1 d）。饮食对产糖奶牛的上述变量没有影响，但产糖奶牛饲喂生糖饮食的牛奶乳糖百分比更高。我们得出结论，生糖饮食可有效改善计算的EB并降低血浆β-羟基丁酸酯和肝脏TAG浓度，这表明在饲喂生糖饮食的经产奶牛中代谢紊乱的风险降低。
Increasing the availability of glucogenic nutrients relative to lipogenic nutrients has been hypothesized to decrease the production of milk fat, to improve the energy balance (EB), and to decrease the incidence and severity of metabolic and reproductive disorders in dairy cows in early lactation. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effects of a glucogenic, lipogenic, or mixed diet on EB, plasma metabolites and metabolic hormones, liver triacylglycerides (TAG), and reproductive variables in high-producing dairy cows in early lactation. Cows (n = 114) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets and were fed either a mainly lipogenic diet, a mainly glucogenic diet, or a mixture of both diets (50:50 dry matter basis) from wk 3 before the expected calving date until 9 wk postpartum. Diets were isocaloric (net energy basis) and equal in intestinal digestible protein. Dry matter intake, net energy intake, milk yield, and milk protein percentage did not differ among diets. Milk lactose percentage was less for cows fed the lipogenic diet. Milk fat percentage was less for multiparous cows fed the glucogenic diet compared with cows fed the mixed or lipogenic diet (3.69 vs. 4.02 vs. 4.22 +/- 0.07%, respectively). The calculated EB was less negative for multiparous cows fed the glucogenic diet compared with cows fed the mixed or lipogenic diet [-33 vs. -125 vs. -89 +/- 21 kJ/(kg(0.75) x d), respectively]. Postpartum, the glucogenic diet decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and liver TAG concentrations and increased insulin concentration in multiparous cows. The glucogenic diet tended to decrease the number of days until first milk progesterone rise in multiparous cows compared with the mixed or lipogenic diet (20.4 vs. 24.4 vs. 26.4 +/- 2.1 d, respectively). Diet had no effect on any of the above-mentioned variables in primiparous cows, except that milk lactose percentage was greater for primiparous cows fed the glucogenic diet. We concluded that the glucogenic diet was effective in improving the calculated EB and decreasing plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and liver TAG concentrations, suggesting a reduced risk of metabolic disorders in multiparous dairy cows fed a glucogenic diet.