Shade-based control of Imperata cylindrica: tree fallows and cover crops
Shade-based control of Imperata cylindrica: tree fallows and cover crops
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00142871
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Majid, NM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacDicken, KG;Hairiah, K;Majid, NM
Imperata不耐荫，尽管对光、水和养分的竞争在抑制其生长方面的相对作用鲜为人知。遮荫导致碳水化合物储存减少，根茎和块茎产量减少，地上部干重减少，对竞争的敏感性增加，对除草剂的敏感性增加，活力/再生能力下降。草本植物覆盖作物中的Calapogonum属、Crotoleria属、Mucuna属和葛属已被证明有效地抑制了Imperata的生长，并可用于防止和在某些情况下根除Imperata。天麻、尼罗相思、银合欢等生长较快的树种可改善土壤理化性质，抑制杂草生长。成功地利用了森林种植园，特别是通过使用中到高度耕作、除草和化肥投入来抑制水仙花的生长。这些种植园生产适销对路的木材，并将场地开垦用于其他用途。还需要更多的研究来评估来自Imperata的竞争和化感作用的具体性质。还需要继续评估树种和种源以抑制黄花丹，在木本休耕作物之后的耕作形式，以及限制采用覆盖作物和树木作为黄花菜防治措施。
Imperata is shade-intolerant, although little is known of the relative roles of competition for light, water and nutrients in suppressing its growth. Shading of Imperata results in reduced carbohydrate storage, reduced rhizome and tuber-bulb production, reduced shoot dry weight, increased susceptibility to competition, increased susceptibility to herbicides and decreased vigor/regeneration. Herbaceous cover crops in the genera Calapogonium, Crotoleria, Mucuna and Pueraria have been shown to effectively suppress Imperata growth and can be used to prevent and in some cases eradicate Imperata. Tree fallows with fast-growing species such as Sesbania sesban, Acacia nilotica and Leucaena leucocephala can improve soil physical and chemical properties and suppress weed growth. Forest plantations have been successfully used, particularly with the use of moderate to high tillage, weeding and fertilizer inputs to suppress Imperata growth. These plantations produce marketable wood and reclaim the site for other uses. Additional research is needed to evaluate the specific nature of competition and allelopathic effects from Imperata. Continued evaluation of tree species and provenances for Imperata suppression, forms of tillage after woody fallow crops and the constraints to adoption of cover crops and trees as Imperata control measures are also needed.