Live Animal Markets in Minnesota: A Potential Source for Emergence of Novel Influenza A Viruses and Interspecies Transmission
Live Animal Markets in Minnesota: A Potential Source for Emergence of Novel Influenza A Viruses and Interspecies Transmission
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/civ618
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Lynfield, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Choi, Mary J.;Torremorell, Montserrat;Lynfield, Ruth
背景。活禽市场与甲型流感病毒从动物到人的传播有关。我们试图对明尼苏达州2个活体动物市场的iav进行表征，以评估潜在的职业暴露途径和种间传播的风险。在12周期间（2012年10月至2013年1月），我们在与猪源性IAV（变种）感染者流行病学相关的2个市场对员工、猪和环境（空气和表面）中的IAV进行了监测。监测开始和结束时对员工的呼吸道和环境标本进行实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（rRT-PCR）、病毒培养和全基因组测序。通过rRT-PCR， 17名员工中有11名（65%）的鼻拭子检测出iav阳性；7名员工多次检测呈阳性，1名员工报告流感样疾病。15名员工中有11名（73%）对猪源性iav具有基线血凝抑制抗体滴度>= 40，但只有1名员工对猪源性和大流行a /墨西哥/4108/2009 iav的滴度都增加了4倍。从猪（72/84）、空气（30/45）和围栏（5/21）中分离出iav。对从猪和环境标本中分离的122株iav进行全基因组测序，发现多株和多亚型共检。观察到亚型之间和亚型内部的多个基因片段交换，产生新的遗传星座和重组病毒。1个市场顾客与猪的iav基因序列相似性达99% ~ 100%，表明存在种间传播。在猪和人密切接触的市场，猪源性内源性病毒普遍存在，并可能为新型内源性病毒的出现提供条件。
Background. Live animal markets have been implicated in transmission of influenza A viruses (IAVs) from animals to people. We sought to characterize IAVs at 2 live animal markets in Minnesota to assess potential routes of occupational exposure and risk for interspecies transmission.Methods. We implemented surveillance for IAVs among employees, swine, and environment (air and surfaces) during a 12-week period (October 2012-January 2013) at 2 markets epidemiologically associated with persons with swine-origin IAV (variant) infections. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), viral culture, and whole-genome sequencing were performed on respiratory and environmental specimens, and serology on sera from employees at beginning and end of surveillance.Results. Nasal swabs from 11 of 17 (65%) employees tested positive for IAVs by rRT-PCR; 7 employees tested positive on multiple occasions and 1 employee reported influenza-like illness. Eleven of 15 (73%) employees had baseline hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers >= 40 to swine-origin IAVs, but only 1 demonstrated a 4-fold titer increase to both swine-origin and pandemic A/Mexico/4108/2009 IAVs. IAVs were isolated from swine (72/84), air (30/45), and pen railings (5/21). Whole-genome sequencing of 122 IAVs isolated from swine and environmental specimens revealed multiple strains and subtype codetections. Multiple gene segment exchanges among and within subtypes were observed, resulting in new genetic constellations and reassortant viruses. Genetic sequence similarities of 99%-100% among IAVs of 1 market customer and swine indicated interspecies transmission.Conclusions. At markets where swine and persons are in close contact, swine-origin IAVs are prevalent and potentially provide conditions for novel IAV emergence.