Early-Life Dietary Restriction and Diet Type Affect Juvenile Brain Morphology in Spadefoot Toads (Spea bombifrons)
Early-Life Dietary Restriction and Diet Type Affect Juvenile Brain Morphology in Spadefoot Toads (Spea bombifrons)
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DOI：
10.1655/herpetologica-d-22-00040
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Cris C. Ledón-Rettig;Stacie J. Shelton;S. R. Lagon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cris C. Ledón-Rettig;Stacie J. Shelton;S. R. Lagon
摘要：在广泛的动物分类群中，早期生活环境的变化已被证明对晚年的特征有持久的影响，包括大脑形态。在这里，我们使用平原Spadefoot蟾蜍（Spea bombifrons），以评估幼虫的饮食类型和数量如何影响后期，青少年的大脑大小和大脑区域的相对大小。我们专门调查是否发育可塑性脑形态镜先前记录种间变异与营养限制和食肉动物。我们的研究结果表明，与预期相反，在幼虫阶段暴露于饮食限制会导致相对少年脑大小的增加。然而，与我们的预测相一致，在幼虫阶段消耗的猎物为基础的虾的饮食结果在相对较大的少年端脑，种内反应，平行于种间模式的青蛙，其中更多的食肉物种拥有相对较大的端脑。我们的研究结果表明，早期生活的饮食限制和早期生活的饮食类型可以产生青少年大脑的大小和形态的变化，可能会影响以后的生活行为和健身的方式。此外，我们的研究表明，种内和环境诱导的脑形态变化可以反映种间分歧的脑形态，支持在促进进化变化的发育可塑性的作用。
Abstract: Across a breadth of animal taxa, early-life environmental variation has been demonstrated to have lasting effects on later-life traits, including brain morphology. Here, we use Plains Spadefoot Toads (Spea bombifrons) to evaluate how larval diet type and amount influence later-stage, juvenile brain size and the relative sizes of brain regions. We specifically investigate whether developmental plasticity in brain morphology mirrors previously documented interspecific variation with relation to nutritional restriction and carnivory. Our findings demonstrate, contrary to expectation, that exposure to dietary restriction during the larval stage causes an increase in relative juvenile brain size. However, consistent with our predictions, consuming a prey-based shrimp diet during the larval stage results in relatively larger juvenile telencephalons, an intraspecific response that parallels an interspecific pattern in frogs where more-carnivorous species possess relatively larger telencephalons. Our results demonstrate that early-life dietary restriction and early-life diet type can generate changes in juvenile brain size and morphology in ways that may influence later-life behaviors and fitness. Further, our study suggests that intraspecific and environmentally induced changes in brain morphology can mirror interspecific divergence in brain morphology, supporting a role for developmental plasticity in promoting evolutionary change.