Sex differences in the course of depression: evidence from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the Belgian population
Sex differences in the course of depression: evidence from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the Belgian population
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DOI：
10.1007/s001270050075
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Bracke, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bracke, P
重度抑郁症的结果研究表明，复发率和慢性发病率很高，社会角色理论暗示，女性的慢性发病率应该更高，这些都表明，众所周知的抑郁症的性别差异，至少部分是慢性差异的结果。由于缺乏前瞻性，纵向研究，这个实证问题的答案是缺失的。此外，对普通人群进行的为数不多的调查结果也不一致，要么显示老年妇女的慢性程度较高，要么在抑郁症的总体病程中缺乏性别差异。利用比利时家庭小组研究的三波数据（3204名女性和2907名男性的完整数据，年龄在16岁及以上），估计了抑郁行为持久性的性别差异。抑郁症是用自我报告量表来测量的，量表分三次，间隔1年（1992,1993,1994）。结果显示，性别、其他社会人口统计学特征和基线时抑郁严重程度对抑郁持续性有显著影响。妇女在较长时间内经历更多的症状，这种差异可部分归因于就业状况、教育和婚姻状况的性别差异。对研究结果进行了讨论。
Outcome studies of major depression indicate high rates of relapse and chronicity, and social role theories imply that chronicity should be greater for women, together suggesting that the well-known sex difference in depression is, at least partially, the result of differences in chronicity. Due to a lack of prospective, longitudinal research, answers to this empirical question are missing. Furthermore, the results of the few available surveys of the general population are inconsistent, showing either higher chronicity for older women or a lack of sex differences in the overall course of depression. Using data from three waves of the Panel Study of Belgian Households (complete data for 3204 women and 2907 men, aged 16 years and older) sex differences in the persistence of depressive behavior are estimated. Depression is measured using a self-report inventory on three occasions separated by intervals of 1 year (1992, 1993, 1994). Results show a significant influence of sex, other sociodemographic characteristics, and depression severity at baseline on depression persistence. Women experience more symptoms for a longer period of time, a difference that can be partially ascribed to sex differences in employment status, education, and marital status. The findings are discussed.