Collection of blood samples for lipoprotein analysis.
Collection of blood samples for lipoprotein analysis.
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收集血样用于脂蛋白分析。
DOI：
10.1093/clinchem/28.6.1375
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
P. Bachorik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Bachorik
本章的目的是描述采集血液样本的程序和注意事项，以及用于测量脂蛋白浓度的血浆的制备和储存。然而，有必要首先简要描述血浆脂蛋白的性质，并提到一些可能实际或人为地影响脂蛋白测量的因素。血浆脂蛋白是一种复杂的高相对分子质量的颗粒，主要由酯化和未酯化的胆固醇、甘油三酯、磷脂(主要是卵磷脂和鞘磷脂)和几种特定的蛋白质组成，这些蛋白质在脱脂状态下被称为载脂蛋白。脂蛋白具有比其他血浆蛋白更低的水合密度，这一性质长期以来一直是将脂蛋白从血浆中分离出来的基础，也是各种类型的脂蛋白相互分离的基础。四种主要类型的脂蛋白--乳糜粒、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)--是根据它们的密度定义的，它们在脂质和载脂蛋白组成、分子质量、大小、凝胶迁移率(表1)和生理功能上存在差异。根据密度的定义，脂蛋白家族没有离散的分子组成。每一类都由几个相似但不完全相同的粒子组成，这些粒子在大小和组成上略有不同，每一类都被分成了几个子类。某些脂质和载脂蛋白成分很容易在特定脂蛋白类别内的颗粒之间交换，也可以在不同类别的颗粒之间交换。关于血浆脂蛋白结构、功能和新陈代谢的优秀和详细的综述已经发表(1，2)。几个
The purpose of this chapter is to describe procedures and precautions for the collection of blood samples, and for the preparation and storage of plasma that is to be used to measure the concentration of the lipoproteins. It is necessary first, however, to describe briefly the nature of the plasma lipoproteins and to mention some of the factors that might affect lipoprotein measurements either actually or artifactually. The plasma lipoproteins are complex, high-Mr(relative molecular mass) particles composed primarily of esterified and unesterified cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids (principally lecithin and sphingomyelin), and several specific proteins that, in their lipid-free state, are called the apolipoproteins. Lipoproteins have lower hydrated densities than the other plasma proteins, a property that has long served as a basis for the separation of lipoproteins from the plasma, and of the various lipoprotein classes from each other. The four major classes of lipoproteins-the chylomicrons, very-lowdensity lipoproteins(VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) Lare defined operationally in terms of their densities, and differ in lipid and apoprotein composition, molecular mass, size, electrophoretic mobility (Table 1), and physiological function. The lipoprotein families, as defined by density, do not have discrete molecular compositions. Each consists of several populations of similar, but not identical, particles that vary somewhat in size and composition, and each class has been separated into subclasses. Some of the lipid and apoprotein constituents exchange readily between particles within a particular lipoprotein class and also between particles of different classes. Excellent and detailed reviews of plasma lipoprotein structure, function, and metabolism have been published(1, 2). Several