Special Issue: E3 ubiquitin ligases, the match makers and grim reapers of immune cells.
Special Issue: E3 ubiquitin ligases, the match makers and grim reapers of immune cells.
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特刊：E3 泛素连接酶，免疫细胞的媒人与死神。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103924
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Oliver,PaulaM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moser,Emily;Oliver,PaulaM
Ubiquitylation regulates the levels and/or activity of virtually every protein in the cell, and thus plays an essential role in cell fate and function. Immune cells are no exception. Dysregulation of ubiquitin networks in many types of immune cells impairs immune function, leading to cancer, autoimmunity, and compromised pathogen defense. Over the past decade, many ubiquitin enzymes have been identified and categorized based on common structural features or conserved domains. Additionally, major advances have been made in detailing the biochemical properties of enzymatic function, and in defining ubiquitin chain diversity and topology. However, while over 700 ubiquitin pathway enzymes are encoded in the mammalian genome, only a fraction of those have thus far been linked to immune function, suggesting that our understanding of how ubiquitin regulates immunity is only beginning to be resolved. In this special edition of Cellular Immunology, we explore how ubiquitin pathway enzymes control immune cell function, disease susceptibility, and cancer.Enzymes in the ubiquitin pathway are categorized into E1 ubiquitin activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs). E3 ubiquitin ligases catalyze or aid the transfer of ubiquitin onto substrate proteins, while DUBs are proteases that cleave ubiquitin from substrates. E3 ubiquitin ligases are subcategorized based on whether they are enzymatically inactive RING ligases, or enzymatically active HECT, or RING between RING (RBR), ligases. In contrast, DUBs are subcategorized based on their method of proteolysis. Of note, the enzyme A20, defies these classes and contains both E3 ubiquitin ligase and DUB activity [1]. Together, the enzymatic activity of E3 ligases and DUBs results in a highly complex ubiquitin network that controls cellular function by dynamic post-translational regulation of protein levels, location, and function.
