Understanding climate resilience in Ghanaian cocoa communities - Advancing a biocultural perspective
Understanding climate resilience in Ghanaian cocoa communities - Advancing a biocultural perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.08.010
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Norris, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hirons, M.;Boyd, E.;Norris, K.
本文件的目的是促进目前在农业和气候变化背景下对复原力、吸收和应对冲击的能力的概念发展和实际追求。它建立在工作的基础上，旨在通过开发和扩展最初设想的整合生物和文化多样性研究的框架，消除系统思维中固有的自然-社会二元论和权力关系的自然化。由此产生的“生物文化”框架审查生计的做法，机构，知识和信仰，并适用于在加纳中部地区的可可社区的案例研究。利用三年来收集的厄尔尼诺/南方涛动相关干旱事件的数据，分析表明了扩大复原力概念的效用，这种概念将界定干旱影响和应对措施的生计做法与形成这些做法的知识、机构和信念联系起来。这项研究的重点是支撑可可种植者抵御气候冲击的两个关键因素：获得湿地和获得信贷。我们认为，生计的做法，知识，信仰和机构，以及它们的相互作用的特定特征，可以增强和破坏的弹性，在不同的空间，时间和社会尺度。虽然这些矛盾给参与气候适应能力的政策制定者带来了挑战，但分析对农业系统适应能力的关键挑战提供了更清晰的诊断，并深入了解政策干预在哪些方面可能最有效。
This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing conceptual development and practical pursuit of resilience, the ability to absorb and respond to shocks, in an agricultural and climate change context. It builds on work that aims to dissolve the nature-society dualism and naturalisation of power relations inherent in systems thinking by developing and extending a framework originally conceived to integrate research on biological and cultural diversity. The resultant 'biocultural' framework examines livelihood practices, institutions, knowledge and beliefs and is applied to a case study of cocoa communities in Ghana's Central Region. Drawing on data collected over three years spanning an El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related drought event, the analysis demonstrates the utility of an expanded conception of resilience that links livelihood practices, which define the impact and response to droughts, with the constituent knowledge, institutions and beliefs that shape those practices. The study focuses on two key factors that underpin cocoa farmers' resilience to climate shocks: access to wetlands and access to credit. We argue that particular characteristics of livelihood practices, knowledge, belief and institutions, and their interactions, can be both resilience enhancing and undermining, when viewed at different spatial, temporal and social scales. Although such contradictions present challenges to policy-makers engaging with climate resilience, the analysis provides a clearer diagnoses of key challenges to the resilience of agricultural systems and insights into where policy interventions might be most effective.