A review of geophysical methods used in archaeology
A review of geophysical methods used in archaeology
复制标题
考古学中使用的地球物理方法综述
DOI：
10.1002/gea.3340010302
复制
发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
J. Wynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Wynn
自1946年以来，地球物理方法在考古学中的使用频率越来越高;自1919年以来，航空摄影一直在使用。目前最常用的地球物理方法是电阻率法、磁力法和探地雷达法。磁探测器，特别是在梯度模式下或与连续记录基站一起使用时，几乎在所有使用地球物理方法的地点都使用。便携式、非接触式电磁土壤电导率系统由于其非常高的数据采集率也被越来越多地使用。较不常用的方法包括自然电位（有时称为自发电位）、微重力、辐射测量、热红外成像以及声波或地震技术。图像处理和图形表示的最新发展极大地促进了考古学家进行“抢救性考古”的能力，即在现代工业发展之前对古代人类文化证据进行高速、非破坏性的侦察调查。
Geophysical methods have been used with increasing frequency in archaeology since 1946; aerial photography has been used since 1919. The geophysical methods that are most commonly used at present are electrical resistivity, magnetics, and ground-probing radar. Magnetic detectors, particularly when used in a gradient mode or with a continuously recording base station, are used at almost all sites where any geophysical methods are used. Portable, noncontacting electromagnetic soil-conductivity systems are also being increasingly used because of their very high rate of data acquisition. Less commonly used methods include self-potential (sometimes called spontaneous potential), microgravity, radiometric, thermal infrared imagery, and sonic or seismic techniques. Recent developments in image processing and graphic representation have contributed substantially to the archaeologist's ability to do “rescue archaeology,” that is, to carry out high-speed, nondestructive reconnaissance surveys for ancient human cultural evidence in advance of modern industrial development.