Observation of flow and dispersion of volcanic clouds from Mt. Sakurajima
Observation of flow and dispersion of volcanic clouds from Mt. Sakurajima
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从樱岛观测火山云的流动和扩散
DOI：
10.1016/1352-2310(95)00401-7
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
K. Kinoshita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kinoshita
简要概述了火山云的上升和大气扩散。樱岛位于日本九州，主要在海拔1-4公里处，依据卫星遥感数据和目视数据的视频记录和照片图片。云的上升模式由火山喷发强度和自由大气风速决定。偶尔的喷发形成一个柱，在几分钟内几乎垂直发展，并慢慢漂移分散。云的连续喷射形成一个固定的羽流，根据风速以一定的角度上升，并在与环境大气平衡的高度水平流动。云的扩散模式与有关高度的高空风的垂直切变有关。典型的有线性平流、扇型扩散和带状扩散。
A brief overview is presented concerning the rise and atmospheric diffusion of volcanic clouds from Mt. Sakurajima in Kyushu, Japan, mainly in the altitudes 1–4 km above the sea level, on the basis of remote sensing data from satellites and visual data of video records and photo pictures. Rising pattern of the cloud is determined by the ejection strength of the volcano and wind velocity in the free atmosphere. Occasional eruption forms a column which develops almost vertically within a few minutes, and drifts away dispersing slowly. Continuous ejection of the cloud forms a stationary plume which rises with an angle according to the wind velocity, and flows horizontally at an equilibrium height with the ambient atmosphere. Dispersion patterns of the clouds are understood in relation to the vertical shear of upper winds in the concerned altitudes. Typical ones are linear advection, fan-type spread and belt-type diffusion.