Metamorphic remodeling of the olfactory organ of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis
Metamorphic remodeling of the olfactory organ of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.23887
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Manzini, Ivan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dittrich, Katarina;Kuttler, Josua;Manzini, Ivan
两栖动物的嗅觉系统在变态过程中经历了大规模的重塑。从幼虫的水生嗅觉到成虫的半水生或空气嗅觉的转变需要解剖学、细胞和分子修饰。这些变化在Pipidae中特别明显，其成年人已经次要地适应了水生生活方式。在非洲爪蟾的完全水生幼虫，主要的嗅觉上皮专门用于感知水传播的气味物质线的主要嗅腔（PC），而一个单独的嗅觉上皮位于犁鼻器（VNO）。在变态过程中，PC的上皮重新排列成成人的空气鼻，而一个新的嗅觉上皮，成人的水鼻，形成在新兴的中腔（MC）。在这里，我们进行了一个阶段的解剖学变化的爪蟾嗅觉器官在变态的调查。我们量化的细胞死亡，在所有的嗅觉上皮细胞，并发现大量的细胞死亡的PC和VNO，这表明大多数幼虫的感觉神经元在变态过程中的感觉上皮细胞被替换。MC中的中度细胞死亡表明，在该上皮形成期间，一些细胞被分选出来。我们的研究结果表明，在MC的形成过程中，一些支持细胞，但不是感觉神经元，重新定位从PC到MC，他们最终被淘汰在变态。总之，我们的研究结果说明了结构和细胞的变化，爪蟾嗅觉器官在变态。J. Comp.神经元524：986-998，2016. (c)2015年威利期刊公司
The amphibian olfactory system undergoes massive remodeling during metamorphosis. The transition from aquatic olfaction in larvae to semiaquatic or airborne olfaction in adults requires anatomical, cellular, and molecular modifications. These changes are particularly pronounced in Pipidae, whose adults have secondarily adapted to an aquatic life style. In the fully aquatic larvae of Xenopus laevis, the main olfactory epithelium specialized for sensing water-borne odorous substances lines the principal olfactory cavity (PC), whereas a separate olfactory epithelium lies in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). During metamorphosis, the epithelium of the PC is rearranged into the adult air nose, whereas a new olfactory epithelium, the adult water nose, forms in the emerging middle cavity (MC). Here we performed a stage-by-stage investigation of the anatomical changes of the Xenopus olfactory organ during metamorphosis. We quantified cell death in all olfactory epithelia and found massive cell death in the PC and the VNO, suggesting that the majority of larval sensory neurons is replaced during metamorphosis in both sensory epithelia. The moderate cell death in the MC shows that during the formation of this epithelium some cells are sorted out. Our results show that during MC formation some supporting cells, but not sensory neurons, are relocated from the PC to the MC and that they are eventually eliminated during metamorphosis. Together our findings illustrate the structural and cellular changes of the Xenopus olfactory organ during metamorphosis. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:986-998, 2016. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.