Causal inference during closed-loop navigation: parsing of self- and object-motion.
Causal inference during closed-loop navigation: parsing of self- and object-motion.
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闭环导航期间的因果推理：自运动和物体运动的解析。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.01.27.525974
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Drugowitsch,Jan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Noel,Jean-Paul;Bill,Johannes;Ding,Haoran;Vastola,John;DeAngelis,GregoryC;Angelaki,DoraE;Drugowitsch,Jan
建立外部世界的自适应内部模型的一个关键计算是将感觉信号归因于它们的可能原因，这是一个因果推理（CI）过程。CI在两种选择的强迫选择任务的框架内得到了很好的研究，但在自然行动-感知循环的核心中却没有得到很好的理解。在这里，我们研究了在闭环导航过程中消除由自身和/或物体运动引起的视网膜运动的过程。首先，我们推导了一个规范的解释，说明观察者应该如何拦截隐藏的和移动的目标，因为他们相信(i)视网膜运动是否是由目标移动引起的，（ii）如果是，以什么速度。接下来，与建模结果一致，我们表明人类报告目标是静止的，并且当他们自己移动时，更经常地转向他们的初始位置而不是最终位置，这表明了一个假定的错误归因于自我的物体运动。此外，我们预测观察者应该更频繁地错误地归因于视网膜运动：(i)在被动而不是主动自运动期间（考虑到在前者中缺乏告知自运动估计的参考副本），以及（ii）当目标以偏心而不是集中呈现时（考虑到在向前自运动期间偏心位置的横向自运动流向量更大）。结果支持这两种预测。最后，对眼球运动的分析表明，尽管在不考虑自我运动条件的情况下，对目标的初始扫视在很大程度上是准确的，但在只有物体运动时，随后的注视追求受到目标速度的调节，而在同时进行物体和自我运动时则不受目标速度的调节。这些结果表明CI在动作-感知循环中，并表明CI的计算特征在长时间内展开。本文是主题“多感官知觉中的决策和控制过程”的一部分。
A key computation in building adaptive internal models of the external world is to ascribe sensory signals to their likely cause(s), a process of causal inference (CI). CI is well studied within the framework of two-alternative forced-choice tasks, but less well understood within the cadre of naturalistic action–perception loops. Here, we examine the process of disambiguating retinal motion caused by self- and/or object-motion during closed-loop navigation. First, we derive a normative account specifying how observers ought to intercept hidden and moving targets given their belief about (i) whether retinal motion was caused by the target moving, and (ii) if so, with what velocity. Next, in line with the modelling results, we show that humans report targets as stationary and steer towards their initial rather than final position more often when they are themselves moving, suggesting a putative misattribution of object-motion to the self. Further, we predict that observers should misattribute retinal motion more often: (i) during passive rather than active self-motion (given the lack of an efference copy informing self-motion estimates in the former), and (ii) when targets are presented eccentrically rather than centrally (given that lateral self-motion flow vectors are larger at eccentric locations during forward self-motion). Results support both of these predictions. Lastly, analysis of eye movements show that, while initial saccades toward targets were largely accurate regardless of the self-motion condition, subsequent gaze pursuit was modulated by target velocity during object-only motion, but not during concurrent object- and self-motion. These results demonstrate CI within action–perception loops, and suggest a protracted temporal unfolding of the computations characterizing CI.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Decision and control processes in multisensory perception’.