Immunological impacts of oil sands-affected waters on rainbow trout evaluated using an in situ exposure
Immunological impacts of oil sands-affected waters on rainbow trout evaluated using an in situ exposure
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.07.016
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
van den Heuvel, Michael R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McNeill, Sean A.;Arens, Collin J.;van den Heuvel, Michael R.
用灭活的沙门氏气单胞菌进行免疫刺激或不进行免疫刺激，在受油砂影响的水域中原位暴露虹鲑鱼21d。实验使用了三个水生系统：一个含有油砂尾矿的池塘，池底覆盖着大约3米的天然地表水，第二个池塘将未开采的油砂材料存放在分水岭中，以及一个接受阿萨巴斯卡河水作为参考网箱位置的水库。3个体系中与油砂有关的化合物含量呈梯度变化，最显著的是总环烷酸含量在含有尾砂的体系中最高(13 mg/L)，其次是受未开采油砂影响的体系(4 mg/L)，最后是参考罐位(1 mg/L)。暴露在虹鱼体内的生化和化学指标显示出相同的趋势，尾矿影响的系统具有最高的肝脏EROD活性，并在菲波长测量到胆汁荧光增强。与参照鱼相比，笼养在受尾矿影响的位置的鲑鱼的白细胞显著减少，脾更小，尽管肝脏大小和条件因素没有受到影响。受尾矿影响的水域中的鱼类也表现出更多的鳍片侵蚀，表明存在机会性感染。暴露在受尾矿影响的水域中的鲑鱼也显示出产生灭活的沙门氏菌抗体的能力显著降低。鉴于暴露条件的复杂性，无法确定确切的致病因素，然而，环烷酸、多环芳烃和pH与免疫毒性作用有关，而盐度升高或金属似乎不太可能是原因。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Rainbow trout were exposed in situ to oil sands-affected waters for 21 d, either with or without an immune stimulation using inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida. Three aquatic systems were utilized for the experiment: a pond containing oil sands tailings capped with approximately 3 m of natural surface water, a second pond where unextracted oil sands materials were deposited in the watershed, and a reservoir receiving Athabasca River water as a reference caging location. The three systems showed a gradient of oil sands-related compounds, most notably, total naphthenic acids were highest in the system containing tailings (13 mg/L), followed by the system influenced by unextracted oil sands (4 mg/L), followed by the reference cage location (1 mg/L). Biochemical and chemical measures of exposure in rainbow trout showed the same trend, with the tailings-influenced system having the highest hepatic EROD activity and elevated bile fluorescence measured at phenanthrene wavelengths. Trout caged in the tailings-influenced location had significantly fewer leukocytes and smaller spleens as compared to the reference fish, though liver size and condition factor were unaffected. Fish in the tailings-influenced waters also demonstrated increased fin erosion, indicative of opportunistic infection. The trout exposed to tailing-influenced waters also showed a significantly decreased ability to produce antibodies to the inactivated A. salmonicida. Given the complexity of the exposure conditions, exact causative agents could not be determined, however, naphthenic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pH correlate with the immunotoxic effects while elevated salinity or metals seem unlikely causes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.