Development of Fluorescence Surrogates to Predict the Photochemical Transformation of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Effluents
Development of Fluorescence Surrogates to Predict the Photochemical Transformation of Pharmaceuticals in Wastewater Effluents
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开发荧光替代物来预测废水中药物的光化学转化
DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b05251
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Song Weihua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yan Shuwen;Yao Bo;Lian Lushi;Lu Xinchen;Snyder Shane A.;Li Rui;Song Weihua
制药和个人护理产品（PPCPs）在废水中的光化学转化是环境科学家关注的一个新问题。在目前的研究中，29 PPCPs的光降解进行了研究，在模拟太阳照射下的废水。直接光降解、三重态出水有机物（3EfOM*）介导的降解和羟基自由基（HO·）介导的降解是去除过程中的三种主要途径。随着痕量PPCPs的光降解，其流出物的激发-发射矩阵（EEM）荧光强度也逐渐降低。因此，荧光峰已被确定，为第一次，作为适当的替代品，以评估PPCPs的光降解。类腐殖酸荧光峰与直接光解不稳定的PPCP相关，如萘普生、罗硝唑、双氯芬酸、奥硝唑、替硝唑、氯霉素、氟甲喹、环丙沙星、美沙酮和二甲硝咪唑。酪氨酸样EEM峰与HO·/CO 3·-不稳定PPCP相关，如甲氧苄啶、布洛芬、吉非罗齐、阿替洛尔、卡马西平和头孢氨苄。类Efom峰与3种Efom * 不稳定PPCP相关，如克仑特罗、美托洛尔、文拉法辛、双酚A、普萘洛尔、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、法莫替丁、特布他林和红霉素。EEM荧光的减少与PPCPs的去除密切相关，从而可以构建模型。太阳能驱动的EEM荧光的去除被施加到预测衰减的11个PPCPs在5个现场样品。预测结果和实验结果之间的密切相关性表明，荧光可能是一个合适的替代监测太阳能驱动的废水中的PPCPs的光降解。
The photochemical transformation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater effluents is an emerging concern for environmental scientists. In the current study, the photodegradation of 29 PPCPs was examined in effluents under simulated solar irradiation. Direct photodegradation, triplet state effluent organic matter (3EfOM*)-mediated and hydroxyl radical (HO•)-mediated degradation are three major pathways in the removal process. With the photodegradation of trace levels of PPCPs, the excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence intensities of the effluents were also gradually reduced. Therefore, fluorescence peaks have been identified, for the first time, as appropriate surrogates to assess the photodegradation of PPCPs. The humic-like fluorescence peak is linked to direct photolysis-labile PPCPs, such as naproxen, ronidazole, diclofenac, ornidazole, tinidazole, chloramphenicol, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, methadone, and dimetridazole. The tyrosine-like EEM peak is associated with HO•/CO3•–-labile PPCPs, such as trimethoprim, ibuprofen, gemfibrozil, atenolol, carbamazepine, and cephalexin. The tryptophan-like peak is associated with3EfOM*-labile PPCPs, such as clenbuterol, metoprolol, venlafaxine, bisphenol A, propranolol, ractopamine, salbutamol, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, famotidine, terbutaline, and erythromycin. The reduction in EEM fluorescence correlates well with the removal of PPCPs, allowing a model to be constructed. The solar-driven removal of EEM fluorescence was applied to predict the attenuation of 11 PPCPs in five field samples. A close correlation between the predicted results and the experimental results suggests that fluorescence may be a suitable surrogate for monitoring the solar-driven photodegradation of PPCPs in effluents.