Egg parasitoids of phytophagous bugs in soybean: Mobile natural enemies as naturally occurring biological control agents of mobile pests
Egg parasitoids of phytophagous bugs in soybean: Mobile natural enemies as naturally occurring biological control agents of mobile pests
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DOI：
10.1006/bcon.1996.0069
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Takagi, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirose, Y;Takasu, K;Takagi, M
分析了两个大豆田中移动植食性害虫的卵寄生性，以解决这样一个问题：它们的卵寄生蜂作为自然产生的生物活性有效的防治剂具有哪些特征？共发现4种虫卵，分别为HbneriPiezodorus hybneri(Gmelin)、Eysarcoris guffiger(Thunberg)、Riptortus clavatus(Thunberg)和Megacopta marktatisimum(Montandon)。内氏卵圆线虫寄生在所有四种虫卵上，而三突圆线虫只寄生海纳氏线虫和古特虎的卵子。黑斑潜蝇(Gyon nigricorne，Dodd)和日本斑潜蝇(Gryon Japan onicum，Ashmead)均为棒纹夜蛾所特有。只有微小副线虫(Watanabe)从马尾藻卵子中检出。两种非特异性寄生蜂的寄生率往往高于三种寄主专化性寄生蜂的寄生率。大豆根结线虫是一种良好的定殖者，其雌性定殖率与寄主的出现同步。虽然在寄主侵染的前半期发生了较高水平的寄生，但在寄主继续产卵的过程中，部分新出现的内氏稻纵卷叶蜂雌虫离开了田间。这一行为导致该虫在繁殖期的后半段不能增加寄主的寄生能力。这种多食性寄生蜂的雌性扩散是利用其移动寄主的一种策略，其扩散程度与其定殖能力有关。认为多食性和高扩散能力是自然发生活动害虫有效天敌的主要特征。(C)1996年学术出版社。
Egg parasitism of mobile phytophagous bugs in two soybean fields was analyzed to address the question: what characteristics do their egg parasitoids have as naturally occurring biologically effective control agents? Eggs of four bug species, Piezodorus hybneri (Gmelin), Eysarcoris guffiger (Thunberg), Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg), and Megacopta punctatissimum (Montandon) were found. Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii parasitized eggs of all four bug species, while Telenomus triptus Nixon parasitized eggs of only P. hybneri and E. guttiger. Gryon nigricorne (Dodd) and Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) were specific to R. clavatus. Only Paratelenomus minor (Watanabe) emerged from M. punctatissimum eggs. Percentage parasitism by each of the two nonspecific parasitoids often was higher than percentage parasitism by each of the three host-specific parasitoids. O. nezarae was a good colonizer in soybean fields, synchronizing female colonization with the appearance of its host. Although a high level of parasitism by O. nezarae occurred during the first half of a host infestation period, part of the emerging O. nezarae females dispersed from fields while their hosts continued to oviposit. This behavior resulted in a failure of O. nezarae to increase parasitism of its host during the latter half of its reproductive period. Female dispersal of this polyphagous parasitoid is a strategy for exploiting its mobile hosts, and the degree of its dispersal is correlated with its colonizing ability. It is suggested that polyphagy and high dispersal ability are the main characteristics of effective natural enemies of naturally occurring mobile pests. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.