Deforestation spillovers from oil palm sustainability certification
Deforestation spillovers from oil palm sustainability certification
复制标题
DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/ab7f0c
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Benedict, Jason Jon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heilmayr, Robert;Carlson, Kimberly M.;Benedict, Jason Jon
在一个地点施加限制的环境政策可能会受到“溢出效应”的破坏或强化，即行为者、流程或知识向其他地点的流动。在设计旨在减少商品驱动的森林砍伐的干预措施时，这种溢出效应是一个重要的考虑因素。在这些背景下，全球市场和移动参与者可以远距离转移森林砍伐和保护行为，使衡量和管理溢出效应的努力复杂化。在这里，我们量化了印度尼西亚婆罗洲(加里曼丹)可持续棕榈油圆桌会议(RSPO)认证体系带来的森林损失和保护溢出效应。我们研究认证的溢出效应是否通过企业集团(即未认证的RSPO成员持有的种植园)或当地农产品市场(即认证工厂附近的土地)传播。我们发现，从2009年到2016年，RSPO认证的溢出效应减少了印度尼西亚林区内的森林砍伐，但增加了农业用途区域的森林砍伐。私人的RSPO认证系统通过使事实上的土地覆盖与中央政府的土地分区政策保持一致，补充了公共保护。尽管有这些好处，但与加里曼丹所有油棕榈特许权内发生的森林砍伐总量相比，归因于直接和溢出效应而避免的森林砍伐总量在统计上和实质上都微不足道。虽然认证减少了非法砍伐森林，但似乎有必要采取更强有力的全部门行动，以确保油棕榈油生产不再是森林损失的驱动因素。
Environmental policies that impose restrictions within one location may be undermined or reinforced by 'spillover effects,' the movement of actors, processes, or knowledge to other locations. Such spillovers are an important consideration in the design of interventions seeking to reduce commodity driven deforestation. In these settings, global markets and mobile actors can move deforestation and conservation behaviors over large distances, complicating efforts to measure and manage spillovers. Here we quantify forest loss and conservation spillovers from the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification system in Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan). We examine whether spillovers from certification are transmitted through corporate groups (i.e. to non-certified, RSPO member-held plantations) or local agricultural markets (i.e. to lands near certified mills). We find that, from 2009 to 2016, spillovers from RSPO certification reduced deforestation within Indonesia's forest estate, but increased deforestation in areas zoned for agricultural use. The private RSPO certification system has complemented public conservation by aligning de facto land cover with central government land zoning policy. Despite these benefits, aggregate avoided deforestation attributed to direct and spillover effects was statistically and substantively insignificant when compared to the total deforestation occurring inside all of Kalimantan's oil palm concessions. While certification has reduced illegal deforestation, stronger sector-wide action appears necessary to ensure that oil palm production is no longer a driver of forest loss.