The art of fin regeneration in zebrafish.
The art of fin regeneration in zebrafish.
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DOI：
10.1002/reg2.33
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发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jaźwińska A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pfefferli C;Jaźwińska A
斑马鱼鳍为研究再生类型提供了一个有价值的模型，即附肢的截肢部分几乎被完美替换。为了实现鳍再生，需要在损伤部位建立两个相互作用的域，即伤口上皮和芽基。伤口上皮为胚基提供了支持生态位，其中包含用于再生的间充质衍生祖细胞。胚基子细胞的命运取决于它们相对于鳍边缘的相对位置。生长物的顶端区室保持其未分化的特征，而胚基的近端后代逐渐从增殖程序转变为形态发生程序。在再生过程中，必须不断调整自我更新和分化之间的微妙平衡。这篇综述总结了目前关于芽基形成的细胞和分子机制的知识，并讨论了与鳍再生过程中生长和形态发生调节相关的几项研究。在胚基的建立和维持过程中涉及多种经典信号通路。表观遗传机制在分化状态转变过程中细胞可塑性的调节中发挥着至关重要的作用。离子通量、间隙连接通讯和蛋白磷酸酶活性已被证明可以协调尾鳍的增殖和组织模式。鳍再生信号下游目标的识别和整合各种输入途径的机制的发现代表了这个令人着迷的研究领域令人兴奋的未来目标。
The zebrafish fin provides a valuable model to study the epimorphic type of regeneration, whereby the amputated part of the appendage is nearly perfectly replaced. To accomplish fin regeneration, two reciprocally interacting domains need to be established at the injury site, namely a wound epithelium and a blastema. The wound epithelium provides a supporting niche for the blastema, which contains mesenchyme‐derived progenitor cells for the regenerate. The fate of blastemal daughter cells depends on their relative position with respect to the fin margin. The apical compartment of the outgrowth maintains its undifferentiated character, whereas the proximal descendants of the blastema progressively switch from the proliferation program to the morphogenesis program. A delicate balance between self‐renewal and differentiation has to be continuously adjusted during the course of regeneration. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of blastema formation, and discusses several studies related to the regulation of growth and morphogenesis during fin regeneration. A wide range of canonical signaling pathways has been implicated during the establishment and maintenance of the blastema. Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular plasticity during the transition between differentiation states. Ion fluxes, gap‐junctional communication and protein phosphatase activity have been shown to coordinate proliferation and tissue patterning in the caudal fin. The identification of the downstream targets of the fin regeneration signals and the discovery of mechanisms integrating the variety of input pathways represent exciting future aims in this fascinating field of research.