Energy balance and obesity.
Energy balance and obesity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1161/circulationaha.111.087213
复制
发表时间：
2012-07-03
期刊：
影响因子：
37.8
通讯作者：
Peters JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hill JO;Wyatt HR;Peters JC
本文介绍了能量摄入，能量消耗和身体能量储存之间的相互作用，并说明了如何了解能量平衡可以帮助制定战略，以减少肥胖。首先，减少肥胖需要改变能量摄入和能量消耗，而不仅仅是关注其中任何一个。如果人类生理学偏向于在高能量通量（即，在高水平的能量摄入和消耗）下实现能量平衡，则单独的食物限制将不能有效地减少肥胖。在以前的环境中，高能量通量是通过高水平的身体活动来实现的，但在今天的久坐环境中，它越来越多地通过体重增加来实现。对于大多数人来说，将能量摄入与高水平的能量消耗相匹配可能是一种更可行的策略，以保持健康的体重，而不是限制食物摄入以满足低水平的能量消耗。第二，从能量平衡的角度来看，我们在防止体重过度增加方面可能比在治疗肥胖方面更成功。这是因为能量平衡系统对减肥的抵抗力比对体重增加的抵抗力强得多。虽然需要大的行为改变来产生和维持体重的减少，但小的行为改变可能足以防止体重过度增加。总之，能量平衡的概念结合对身体如何实现平衡的理解，可能是帮助制定降低肥胖率策略的有用框架。
This paper describes the interplay among energy intake, energy expenditure and body energy stores and illustrates how an understanding of energy balance can help develop strategies to reduce obesity. First, reducing obesity will require modifying both energy intake and energy expenditure and not simply focusing on either alone. Food restriction alone will not be effective in reducing obesity if human physiology is biased toward achieving energy balance at a high energy flux (i.e. at a high level of energy intake and expenditure). In previous environments a high energy flux was achieved with a high level of physical activity but in today's sedentary environment it is increasingly achieved through weight gain. Matching energy intake to a high level of energy expenditure will likely be more a more feasible strategy for most people to maintain a healthy weight than restricting food intake to meet a low level of energy expenditure. Second, from an energy balance point of view we are likely to be more successful in preventing excessive weight gain than in treating obesity. This is because the energy balance system shows much stronger opposition to weight loss than to weight gain. While large behavior changes are needed to produce and maintain reductions in body weight, small behavior changes may be sufficient to prevent excessive weight gain. In conclusion, the concept of energy balance combined with an understanding of how the body achieves balance may be a useful framework in helping develop strategies to reduce obesity rates.