Tidal and Lunar Rhythms
Tidal and Lunar Rhythms
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潮汐和月球节律
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4615-6552-9_19
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
D. Neumann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Neumann
运动活动、繁殖和其他行为方面的生物节律不仅可以与环境条件的每日和季节变化同步观察，而且可以与潮汐和月亮周期同步观察。在潮间带，动物们面临着水位的上升和下降，在一些海岸，每个阴历月都会有两次大潮的高潮。在陆地环境和浅淡水中，夜间活动的物种可能会受到月光亮度的周期性变化的影响，因此其中一些物种的活动与24.8小时的太阴日或甚至与太阴月的特定相位同步。由于潮汐和月光的这些影响，各种潮汐和月亮的节奏已经演变。在过去的20年里，对这些节律的实验研究的兴趣大大增加了（有关摘要，见DeCoursey，1976; Enright，1975; Naylor，1976; Neumann，1969，1976 c; Palmer，1973）。本章旨在汇编以下几个方面的结果：（1）这些节律与环境波动的适应意义;（2）使生物体与潮汐或月光的特定特征同步的各种计时机制;以及（3）两种不同计时机制的组合导致复杂的时间程序。
Biological rhythms of locomotor activity, reproduction and other aspects of behavior can be observed in synchrony not only with daily and seasonal variations of environmental conditions but also with the tides and the lunar cycle. In the intertidal zone, animals are confronted with rising and falling water levels and, on some coasts, with the high amplitudes of spring tides recurring twice every lunar month. In terrestrial surroundings and in shallow fresh water, night-active species may be subjected to periodic changes in the brightness of moonlight, so that some of them synchronize their activities with the lunar day of 24.8 hr or even with specific phases of the lunar month. As a result of these influences of tides and moonlight, a variety of tidal and lunar rhythms have evolved. Interest in experimental studies of these rhythms has considerably increased during the last 20 years (for summaries, see DeCoursey, 1976; Enright, 1975; Naylor, 1976; Neumann, 1969, 1976c; Palmer, 1973). This chapter aims at compiling the results in the following aspects: (1) the adaptive significance of these rhythms in relation to environmental fluctuations; (2) the variety of timing mechanisms that synchronize the organism to specific characteristics of tides or moonlight; and (3) the combination of two different timing mechanisms resulting in a complex temporal program.