Rotavirus: the major etiologic agent of severe infantile diarrhea may be controllable by a "Jennerian" approach to vaccination.
Rotavirus: the major etiologic agent of severe infantile diarrhea may be controllable by a "Jennerian" approach to vaccination.
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轮状病毒：严重婴儿腹泻的主要病原体可以通过“Jennerian”疫苗接种方法来控制。
DOI：
10.1093/infdis/153.5.815
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Chanock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Kapikian;J. Flores;Y. Hoshino;R. Glass;K. Midthun;M. Gorziglia;R. Chanock
在过去的十年中，在阐明婴幼儿腹泻的病原体方面取得了重大进展。在20世纪70年代之前，没有一种病毒因子被认为是婴儿腹泻的重要病原体。此外，当时已知的细菌和寄生虫病原体未能填补这一病因学空白，因为它们通常仅与约三分之一的婴幼儿腹泻住院相关[1]。1972年诺沃克病毒和1973年轮状病毒的发现开创了胃肠炎病原体划分的新时代[2，3]。27-nm诺瓦克病毒与主要影响成人和年龄较大的儿童的自限性胃肠炎的爆发有关;这些疾病很少导致脱水[4，5]。然而，70 nm轮状病毒（其具有类似于“轮”[rota = wheel]的特征性形态学外观）很快在全球研究中被发现是婴儿和幼儿严重腹泻的长期寻求的、难以捉摸的主要病原体[6，7]。两种病毒最初都是通过电子显微镜技术检测的：诺瓦克病毒是通过免疫电子显微镜检测的，使用的是与患者恢复期血清反应的感染性粪便制备物，以使病毒识别[2];轮状病毒是通过从小儿腹泻病患者中获得的十二指肠组织的薄切片电子显微镜检测的[3]。然而，很快，轮状病毒通过负染电子显微镜直接检查粪便制备物而容易地被检测到[8，9]。目前，许多技术可用于检测轮状病毒，但最流行的是
Major strides have been made during the past decade in elucidating the etiological agents of diarrhea of infants and young children. Prior to the 1970s, not a single viral agent could be implicated as an important etiological agent of infantile diarrhea. Moreover, bacterial and parasitic agents known at that time failed to fill this etiologic void since they characteristically were associated with only approximately one-third the hospitalizations for diarrhea of infants and young children [1]. The discovery of the Norwalk virus in 1972 and the rotavirus in 1973 ushered in a new era in the delineation of etiologic agents of gastroenteritis [2, 3]. The 27-nm Norwalk virus was associated with outbreaks of a self-limited form of gastroenteritis affecting primarily adults and older children; these illnesses only rarely led to dehydration [4, 5]. However, the 70-nm rotavirus (which has a characteristic morphologic appearance resembling a "wheel" [rota = wheel]) was soon found in worldwide studies to be the long sought after, elusive, major etiologic agent of severe diarrhea of infants and young children [6, 7]. Both viruses were detected initially by electron microscopic techniques: the Norwalk virus by immune electron microscopy using an infectious stool preparation that was reacted with a patient's convalescent serum to enable viral recognition [2]; and the rotavirus by thin-section electron microscopy of duodenal tissue obtained from pediatric patients with diarrheal illness [3]. Soon, however, rotaviruses were detected readily by direct examination of stool preparations by negative-stain electron microscopy [8, 9]. Presently, many techniques are available for detection of rotaviruses, but the most popular is the
婴幼儿恒河猴轮状病毒疫苗（MMU 18006）的评价。
DOI：
10.1093/infdis/153.5.823
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
The Journal of infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Anderson,EL;Belshe,RB;Bartram,J;Crookshanks-Newman,F;Chanock,RM;Kapikian,AZ
通讯作者：
Kapikian,AZ