Investigation into pluvial flooding hazards caused by heavy rain and protection measures in Shanghai, China
Investigation into pluvial flooding hazards caused by heavy rain and protection measures in Shanghai, China
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DOI：
10.1007/s11069-016-2369-y
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发表时间：
2016-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jian-liang Deng;S. Shen;Yeshuang Xu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jian-liang Deng;S. Shen;Yeshuang Xu
近15年来，上海市因暴雨引发的洪涝灾害屡有报道。由于地面沉降造成的低洼地带，上海在地质上对洪水灾害十分敏感。气候上，上海处于东亚季风区，暴雨频繁。在这项研究中，收集和分析了2001年至2015年期间54次洪水事件的数据。评价了洪泛的影响因素，并提出了预防措施建议。上海市的防洪能力主要由雨水蓄排能力控制，而雨水蓄排能力又与排水管网、泵站及其闸站有关。在过去三十年中，当地暴雨事件和短时间暴雨的数量每年都在增加。然而，在此期间，雨水储存能力急剧下降，雨水排放能力也受到限制。在极端的情况下，由于黄浦江支流的洪水，下水道网络的排放功能甚至暂时丧失。因此，考虑到城市持续沉降和海平面不断上升的情况，建议近期在黄浦江与长江口之间修建大型水闸和泵站，以防止暴雨引发的洪涝灾害。
Flooding hazards caused by heavy rainfall in Shanghai have been reported extensively in the last 15 years. Geologically, Shanghai is sensitive to flooding hazards due to low-lying ground caused by land subsidence. Climatically, Shanghai is in the East Asia monsoon area and frequently experiences torrential rains. In this study, data from fifty-four pluvial flooding events between 2001 and 2015 were collected and analysed. The influence factors contributing to pluvial flooding are evaluated, and recommendations for protective measures are presented. The pluvial flooding prevention capacity in Shanghai is controlled by rain water storage and discharge capacity, which is associated with the sewer network, pumping stations and its sluice and pumping gates. Within the last three decades, the number of local torrential rainfall events and short-duration torrential rains has increased annually. However, the rain water storage capacity has decreased dramatically and the rain water discharge capacity has become limited during this period. In an extreme case, the discharge function of the sewer network was even temporarily lost because of flooding of the distributaries of the Huangpu River. Thus, in order to prevent flooding hazards caused by heavy rain, it is suggested that a large sluice and pumping station between the Huangpu River and the Yangtze River estuary is constructed in the near future, considering the continuous subsidence of the city and the ongoing rising sea levels.