Differences in state drug testing and reporting by driver type in U.S. fatal traffic crashes.
Differences in state drug testing and reporting by driver type in U.S. fatal traffic crashes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2016.03.015
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发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hingson RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Slater ME;Castle IJ;Logan BK;Hingson RW
近年来，尽管地方、州和联邦努力防止这种情况增加，但在包括大麻在内的药物影响下驾驶的情况变得越来越普遍。死亡分析报告系统 (FARS) 是美国致命车祸中药物驾驶数据的主要来源，但缺乏计算致命车祸司机药物使用情况的公正估计所需的完整性。本文使用 2013 年 FARS 数据集按驾驶员类型、驾驶员故障类型和州级因素呈现各州药检率的差异；讨论与毒驾数据分析和解释相关的局限性；并提出改进建议，以便将来能够适当使用 FARS 药物检测数据。结果显示，在事故现场死亡的司机（中位数= 70.8％）和在事故中死亡并有过错的司机（中位数= 64.4％）中，州药物检测率最高。没有被送往医院的幸存司机（中位数 = 14.0%）和事故中没有过失的幸存司机（中位数 = 10.0%）的检测率最低。药物检测率因各州对所有驾驶员类型和驾驶员故障类型的血液酒精含量 (BAC) 检测率而异，一般来说，对 BAC 进行检测的驾驶员比例较高的州的药物检测率也较高。通过标准化和强制性测试政策可以提高测试率。 FARS 数据用户应继续谨慎对待使用当前可用数据量化毒驾的局限性。需要付出更多努力来改进药物测试和报告实践，并且需要进行更多研究来确定驾驶技能受损的药物浓度水平。
Driving under the influence of drugs, including marijuana, has become more prevalent in recent years despite local, state, and federal efforts to prevent such increases. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) is the primary source of drugged driving data for fatal crashes in the United States but lacks the completeness required to calculate unbiased estimates of drug use among drivers involved in fatal crashes. This article uses the 2013 FARS dataset to present differences in state drug testing rates by driver type, driver fault type, and state-level factors; discusses limitations related to analysis and interpretation of drugged driving data; and offers suggestions for improvements that may enable appropriate use of FARS drug testing data in the future. Results showed that state drug testing rates were highest among drivers who died at the scene of the crash (median = 70.8%) and drivers who died and were at fault in the crash (median = 64.4%). The lowest testing rates were seen among surviving drivers who were not transported to a hospital (median = 14.0%) and surviving drivers who were not at fault in the crash (median = 10.0%). Drug testing rates differed by state blood alcohol content (BAC) testing rate across all driver types and driver fault types, and in general, states that tested a higher percentage of drivers for BAC had higher drug testing rates. Testing rates might be increased through standardization and mandatory testing policies. FARS data users should continue to be cautious about the limitations of using currently available data to quantify drugged driving. More efforts are needed to improve drug testing and reporting practices, and more research is warranted to establish drug concentration levels at which driving skills become impaired.