Dominant flood generating mechanisms across the United States
Dominant flood generating mechanisms across the United States
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DOI：
10.1002/2016gl068070
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发表时间：
2016-05-16
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Sivapalan, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berghuijs, Wouter R.;Woods, Ross A.;Sivapalan, M.
河流洪水会造成严重的社会、经济和环境后果。然而，有限的了解，在洪水生成机制的区域差异的结果在不了解历史洪水趋势和未来洪水条件的不确定性预测。通过对420个集水区的系统数据分析，我们揭示了美国本土洪水的主要驱动因素。这是通过探索哪些洪水生成过程控制最大年流量的季节性和大小来实现的。最大年流量的季节性和年际变化的区域模式，一般来说，很难单独用降雨特征来解释。对于大多数集水区土壤水分依赖的降水过剩，融雪，和雨雪事件被发现是更好的预测洪水响应。我们在这里生成的主要洪水生成过程的大陆尺度分类强调了极端降雨和洪水之间的时间和变异性的差异，可以帮助预测美国大陆的洪水和洪水风险。
River flooding can have severe societal, economic, and environmental consequences. However, limited understanding of the regional differences in flood-generating mechanisms results in poorly understood historical flood trends and uncertain predictions of future flood conditions. Through systematic data analyses of 420 catchments we expose the primary drivers of flooding across the contiguous United States. This is achieved by exploring which flood-generating processes control the seasonality and magnitude of maximum annual flows. The regional patterns of seasonality and interannual variabilities of maximum annual flows are, in general, poorly explained by rainfall characteristics alone. For most catchments soil moisture dependent precipitation excess, snowmelt, and rain-on-snow events are found to be much better predictors of the flooding responses. The continental-scale classification of dominant flood-generating processes we generate here emphasizes the disparity in timing and variability between extreme rainfall and flooding and can assist predictions of flooding and flood risk within the continental U.S.