Feed Conversion, Survival and Development, and Composition of Four Insect Species on Diets Composed of Food By-Products.
Feed Conversion, Survival and Development, and Composition of Four Insect Species on Diets Composed of Food By-Products.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0144601
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
van Loon JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oonincx DG;van Broekhoven S;van Huis A;van Loon JJ
动物生产系统对环境的影响很大一部分来自于饲料的生产。昆虫被认为可以有效地将饲料转化为体重，因此可能形成更可持续的食物和/或饲料来源。四种饮食由食品生产的副产品组成，并按不同的蛋白质和脂肪含量进行配制。这些被提供给新孵化的阿根廷蟑螂、黑水虻、黄粉虫和家蟋蟀。前两种物种作为饲料成分可能很有趣，而后两种则被认为可供人类食用。测定饲料转化效率、存活率、发育时间以及化学成分（氮、磷和脂肪酸）。阿根廷蟑螂和黑水虻比黄粉虫和家蟋蟀更有效地转换饲料。前两种动物也比传统的生产动物更有效率。在四种饲料中的三种中，黄粉虫和家蟋蟀的饲料转化效率与猪相似。此外，在最合适的饮食中，当对可食用部分进行校正时，它们可以像家禽一样有效地转换饲料。当对可食用部分进行校正时，所有四个物种都比传统生产动物具有更高的氮效率。向黄粉虫提供胡萝卜可以提高干物质和氮的效率，并缩短发育时间。饮食影响除黑水虻以外的所有物种的生存，并且所有四个物种的发育时间都受到强烈影响。阿根廷蟑螂的化学成分在饮食之间差异很大，而黑水虻的化学成分则保持相似。当提供合适的饮食时，所研究的物种可以被认为是高效的生产动物。因此，它们可以成为传统生产动物的可持续替代品，作为饲料或食物的来源。
A large part of the environmental impact of animal production systems is due to the production of feed. Insects are suggested to efficiently convert feed to body mass and might therefore form a more sustainable food and/or feed source. Four diets were composed from by-products of food manufacturing and formulated such as to vary in protein and fat content. These were offered to newly hatched Argentinean cockroaches, black soldier flies, yellow mealworms, and house crickets. The first two species are potentially interesting as a feed ingredient, while the latter two are considered edible for humans. Feed conversion efficiency, survival, development time, as well as chemical composition (nitrogen, phosphorus, and fatty acids), were determined. The Argentinean cockroaches and the black soldier flies converted feed more efficiently than yellow mealworms, and house crickets. The first two were also more efficient than conventional production animals. On three of the four diets yellow mealworms and house crickets had a feed conversion efficiency similar to pigs. Furthermore, on the most suitable diet, they converted their feed as efficiently as poultry, when corrected for edible portion. All four species had a higher nitrogen-efficiency than conventional production animals, when corrected for edible portion. Offering carrots to yellow mealworms increased dry matter- and nitrogen-efficiency and decreased development time. Diet affected survival in all species but black soldier flies, and development time was strongly influenced in all four species. The chemical composition of Argentinean cockroaches was highly variable between diets, for black soldier flies it remained similar. The investigated species can be considered efficient production animals when suitable diets are provided. Hence, they could form a sustainable alternative to conventional production animals as a source of feed or food.