Natural forces as agents: reconceptualizing the animate-inanimate distinction.
Natural forces as agents: reconceptualizing the animate-inanimate distinction.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.021
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发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Gordon PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lowder MW;Gordon PC
跨越心理学多个领域的研究表明，与无生命实体相比，有生命实体的优先处理模式通常被解释为由于进化适应行为。自然力代表一类语义上无生命的实体，但它们的行为就像是有生命的，因为它们具有启动运动和引起动作的能力。我们报告了一个眼动追踪实验，表明在在线句子处理过程中，自然力像有生命的实体一样被处理：它们比工具更容易与动作动词整合，这种效果是由句子结构介导的。研究结果表明，许多认知和语言现象，以前被归因于生命可能更恰当地归因于知觉机构。在这种程度上，有生命的实体的认知能力可能不是由于进化心理学家所认为的对不可预测事件的环境的警惕监测，而是可能更充分地解释为反映了对因果解释的认知和语言关注，这种解释是适应性的，因为它增加了事件的可预测性。
Research spanning multiple domains of psychology has demonstrated preferential processing of animate as compared to inanimate entities—a pattern that is commonly explained as due to evolutionarily adaptive behavior. Forces of nature represent a class of entities that are semantically inanimate but which behave as if they are animate in that they possess the ability to initiate movement and cause actions. We report an eye-tracking experiment demonstrating that natural forces are processed like animate entities during online sentence processing: they are easier to integrate with action verbs than instruments, and this effect is mediated by sentence structure. The results suggest that many cognitive and linguistic phenomena that have previously been attributed to animacy may be more appropriately attributed to perceived agency. To the extent that this is so, the cognitive potency of animate entities may not be due to vigilant monitoring of the environment for unpredictable events as argued by evolutionary psychologists but instead may be more adequately explained as reflecting a cognitive and linguistic focus on causal explanations that is adaptive because it increases the predictability of events.
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