A survey of Demand Responsive Transport in Great Britain
A survey of Demand Responsive Transport in Great Britain
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.11.004
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Wang, Chao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davison, Lisa;Enoch, Marcus;Wang, Chao
自20世纪70年代以来，需求响应运输（DRT）一直被推广为在传统服务在经济上不可行的情况下的一种运输解决方案，尽管迄今为止一系列障碍阻碍了它的广泛采用。最近，运营和车辆技术的新发展，加上公共交通补贴预算的大幅削减，促使人们愿意探索“制度性挑战”的选择，例如整合一系列不同部门的交通供应。这再次推动了DRT概念向前发展，作为节省资金的可能选择，同时保留了可访问性的机会。因此，现在有必要探讨一下英国目前提供的DRT，以便确定存在什么类型的服务，并检查哪些服务运行良好及其原因。具体而言，本文借鉴了对DRT提供商的全国调查，以检查DRT方案的设计、性能、基本原理和可能的未来。主要调查结果表明，志愿部门和私营部门的利益攸关方的作用越来越大，后者导致更多地使用小型车辆。线性回归模型强调，乘客人数受到运营规模（就提供的座位而言）和小型“汽车”车辆使用情况的影响，特别是在农村地区。目标越来越突出DRT在提供通路和地理覆盖方面的重要性，尽管收入不足是实现这一目标的挑战。这些计划的长期财务可持续性继续受到质疑，有限数量的计划被认为是商业上可持续的。因此，自然地，成本和资金仍然是DRT服务提供者主要关注的问题。各组织对经费削减的反应各不相同。结果是，DRT服务要么被取消，要么在某些情况下取代了传统的公共汽车服务，因为DRT是满足当地需求的一种更具成本效益的方式。(C) 2013年作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。这是一篇基于CC BY-NC-ND许可（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/）的开放获取文章。
Ever since the 1970s, Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) has been promoted as a transport solution in circumstances where more traditional services are not economically viable, although so far a range of barriers has prevented its widespread adoption. More recently, new developments in operational and vehicle technology, coupled with significant cuts to public transport subsidy budgets, promote a willingness to explore 'institutionally challenging' options such as integrating transport provision across a range of different sectors. This has once more pushed the DRT concept forward as a possible option for saving money whilst retaining opportunities for accessibility.Accordingly, it is now useful to explore the current provision of DRT in Great Britain, in order to determine what type of services exist and to examine which are working well and why. Specifically, the paper draws on a national survey of DRT providers to examine the design, performance, rationale and likely futures of DRT schemes.Key findings suggest a growing role for stakeholders from the voluntary sector and the private sector, the latter resulting in a greater use of smaller vehicles. Linear regression models highlight that passenger numbers are influenced by the size of operation (in terms of seats offered) and by the use of smaller 'car' vehicles, particularly in rural areas. Increasingly, objectives highlight the importance of DRT in providing access and geographical coverage, though insufficient revenue presents a challenge in achieving this. The long term financial sustainability of such schemes continues to be questioned, with a limited number of schemes recognised as commercially sustainable. Naturally, therefore, cost and funding remain dominant concerns of DRT service providers. The organisational response to funding reductions has been diverse. The result is that DRT services have either been withdrawn or, in some cases, replaced conventional bus services due to DRT being a more cost-effective way of meeting local needs. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).