The Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS Data Acquisition
The Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS Data Acquisition
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CMS数据采集系统二期升级
DOI：
10.1051/epjconf/202125104023
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Zejdl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gilbert Badaro;U. Behrens;A. Bocci;J. Branson;P. Brummer;S. Cittolin;Diego Da Silva;G. Darlea;C. Deldicque;M. Dobson;D. Gigi;N. Dzemaili;M. Gladki;F. Glege;G. Gomez;J. Hegeman;T. James;W. Li;F. Meijers;E. Meschi;R. Mommsen;S. Morovic;L. Orsini;I. Papakrivopoulos;C. Paus;A. Petrucci;M. Pieri;E. Puljak;D. Rabady;K. Raychinov;A. Rácz;H. Sakulin;C. Schwick;D. Simelevicius;P. Soursos;A. Stahl;U. Suthakar;C. Vazquez;P. Zejdl
高光度大型强子对撞机 (HL-LHC) 将于 2027 年第三次长时间停机 (LS3) 后开始运行，旨在提供 7:5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 的终极瞬时光度，但代价是每次穿越时会发生多达 200 次相互作用的极端堆积。 HL-LHC 碰撞中重叠相互作用的数量、它们的密度以及由此产生的强烈辐射环境，保证了 CMS 探测器几乎完全升级。升级后的 CMS 探测器将由约 5 万个高速前端光学链路以高达 80 Tb/s 的前所未有的数据速率进行读取，平均预期总事件大小约为 8 - 10 MB。按照目前既定的设计，CMS触发和数据采集系统将继续具有两个触发级别，只有一个基于同步硬件的一级触发（L1），由定制电子板组成并在专用数据流上运行，第二级是高级触发（HLT），使用在标准处理器上异步运行的软件算法，并利用完整的探测器数据来选择事件进行离线存储和分析。升级后的CMS数据采集系统将以高达750 kHz的速率从探测器后端模块收集Level-1接受事件的数据片段，将与各个Level-1接受对应的片段聚合成事件，并将它们分发到HLT处理器，在那里它们将被进一步过滤。 HLT 接受的事件将以高达 7.5 kHz 的速率永久存储。本文描述了 CMS 第 2 阶段的 DAQ 和 HLT 系统的基线设计。
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will start operating in 2027 after the third Long Shutdown (LS3), and is designed to provide an ultimate instantaneous luminosity of 7:5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1, at the price of extreme pileup of up to 200 interactions per crossing. The number of overlapping interactions in HL-LHC collisions, their density, and the resulting intense radiation environment, warrant an almost complete upgrade of the CMS detector. The upgraded CMS detector will be read out by approximately fifty thousand highspeed front-end optical links at an unprecedented data rate of up to 80 Tb/s, for an average expected total event size of approximately 8 − 10 MB. Following the present established design, the CMS trigger and data acquisition system will continue to feature two trigger levels, with only one synchronous hardware-based Level-1 Trigger (L1), consisting of custom electronic boards and operating on dedicated data streams, and a second level, the High Level Trigger (HLT), using software algorithms running asynchronously on standard processors and making use of the full detector data to select events for offline storage and analysis. The upgraded CMS data acquisition system will collect data fragments for Level-1 accepted events from the detector back-end modules at a rate up to 750 kHz, aggregate fragments corresponding to individual Level- 1 accepts into events, and distribute them to the HLT processors where they will be filtered further. Events accepted by the HLT will be stored permanently at a rate of up to 7.5 kHz. This paper describes the baseline design of the DAQ and HLT systems for the Phase-2 of CMS.