Excited Thomas-Efimov levels in ultracold gases
Excited Thomas-Efimov levels in ultracold gases
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.76.012720
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发表时间：
2007-02
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Mark D. Lee;T. Koehler;P. Julienne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mark D. Lee;T. Koehler;P. Julienne
自量子物理学早期以来，三个相互作用粒子的复杂行为一直是许多实验和理论研究的主题。在最近的一封给自然的信中，Kraemer [Nature（伦敦）440，315（2006）]报告了铯原子超冷气体中“Efimov量子态的实验证据”。这样的量子态是指三个相同玻色粒子的无限系列能级，当每对粒子的散射长度被调谐到无穷大时，在解离的阈值处积累。虽然三个氦原子存在一个单一的Efimov态，但早期的实验研究得出的结论是，这种难以捉摸的状态还没有被发现。在本文中，我们通过直观的论证和完整的数值计算表明，氦和铯的实验实际上提供了这种三聚体光谱相同的基态的证据，氦实验学家和开创性的理论研究并没有将其与叶菲莫夫效应联系起来。与氦三聚体不同，观察到的Cs-133（3）共振是指博罗米恩分子态。我们讨论如何尚未观察到的，激发Efimov量子态可能会被检测到超冷气体的Rb-85和Cs-133在磁场强度在0.08 T（800 G）附近。
Since the early days of quantum physics, the complex behavior of three interacting particles has been the subject of numerous experimental and theoretical studies. In a recent Letter to Nature, Kraemer [Nature (London) 440, 315 (2006)] report on experimental "evidence for Efimov quantum states" in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms. Such quantum states refer to an infinite series of energy levels of three identical Bose particles, accumulating at the threshold for dissociation as the scattering length of each pair is tuned to infinity. Whereas the existence of a single Efimov state has been predicted for three helium atoms, earlier experimental studies concluded that this elusive state had not been found. In this paper we show by an intuitive argument and full numerical calculations that the helium and cesium experiments actually provide evidence of the same, ground state of this trimer spectrum, which the helium experimentalists and pioneering theoretical studies had not associated with Efimov's effect. Unlike the helium trimer, the observed Cs-133(3) resonance refers to a Borromean molecular state. We discuss how as yet unobserved, excited Efimov quantum states might be detected in ultracold gases of Rb-85 and of Cs-133 at magnetic field strengths in the vicinity of 0.08 T (800 G).