Prenatal testing: Does reproductive autonomy succeed in dispelling eugenic concerns?
Prenatal testing: Does reproductive autonomy succeed in dispelling eugenic concerns?
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DOI：
10.1111/bioe.12602
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发表时间：
2019-07-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Begovic, Dunja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Begovic, Dunja
传统上，提供产前检查和筛查的两个主要理由是：扩大妇女的生殖选择和减少疾病对社会的负担。鉴于产前检查的数量和广泛使用的可能性越来越大，有必要审查生殖自主模式是否仍然有助于维护孕妇的自主，或者它是否允许在自主的烟幕下走私公共健康考虑，甚至优生优育目标。在这篇文章中，我认为，如果我们真的要在产前检测的背景下维护妇女的自主权，那么我们需要的是一个基于更坚定的生殖自主权概念的模型，比如约瑟芬·约翰斯顿和雷切尔·扎卡里亚斯为其辩护的那个模型，他们认为生育自主是值得拥有的。虽然约翰斯顿和撒迦利亚提出了这一概念的基本轮廓，但我将其应用到产前测试的具体案例中，并展示它如何回应反对生殖自主模式的反对意见。我认为，采用这种概念是必要的，以避免在产前筛查和检测方面对妇女自主权的根本挑战。
Traditionally, two main rationales for the provision of prenatal testing and screening are identified: the expansion of women's reproductive choices and the reduction of the burden of disease on society. With the number of prenatal tests available and the increasing potential for their widespread use, it is necessary to examine whether the reproductive autonomy model remains useful in upholding the autonomy of pregnant women or whether it allows public health considerations and even eugenic aims to be smuggled in under the smokescreen of autonomy. In this article I argue that if we are serious about upholding women's autonomy in the context of prenatal testing, what is needed is a model based on a more robust conception of reproductive autonomy, such as the one defended by Josephine Johnston and Rachel Zacharias as 'reproductive autonomy worth having'. While Johnston and Zacharias put forward a basic outline of this conception, I apply it to the specific case of prenatal testing and show how it responds to objections levelled against the reproductive autonomy model. I argue that adopting this kind of conception is necessary to avoid fundamental challenges to women's autonomy when it comes to prenatal screening and testing.