The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Through the Lens of Human Health and the Ecosystem.
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Through the Lens of Human Health and the Ecosystem.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40572-016-0119-7
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Soares, Lissa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lichtveld, Maureen;Sherchan, Samendra;Gam, Kaitlyn B;Kwok, Richard K;Mundorf, Christopher;Shankar, Arti;Soares, Lissa
本文审查了目前确定深水地平线石油泄漏对人类健康和生态系统影响的研究。由于需要战略性地集中研究资金，作者还评估了这些发现的影响，并促进了跨学科的研究议程，以解决关键的差距。在漏油事件发生后对工人和脆弱社区进行的流行病学研究表明，非化学压力源影响复原力。生态系统方面的盐沼物种表现出结构和功能变化的变异性，归因于物种特异性的耐受性，石油暴露和地下植物器官的损害。缺乏基线接触评估数据妨碍了对化学应激源影响的评估。研究优先事项包括利用现有的妇女/儿童二元组和工人群体，以推进暴露特征和对抗最脆弱人群的早期不良影响。主要的政策差距包括：规定及时提供应急资源，以确定事件发生后立即发生的风险，以及以综合方式而不是筒仓方式处理人类和生态系统健康问题的当代立法。
This review examines current research ascertaining the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on human health and ecosystems. Driven by the need to strategically focus research funding, the authors also assess the implications of those findings, and promote a transdisciplinary research agenda addressing critical gaps. Epidemiologic studies conducted in workers and vulnerable communities in the spill’s aftermath showed that non-chemical stressors affect resilience. Ecosystem-wise salt marsh species showed variability in structural and functional changes, attributed to species-specific tolerance, oil exposure, and belowground plant organs damage. Lacking baseline exposure assessment data hampers assessing the impact of chemical stressors. Research priorities include leveraging existing women/child dyads and worker cohorts to advance exposure characterization and counter early adverse effects in most vulnerable populations. Key policy gaps include mandated just-in-time emergency resources to ascertain immediate post-event exposures, and contemporary legislation addressing human- and ecosystem health in an integrated rather than silo fashion.