Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Explosives

Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Explosives
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炸药的生物降解和生物修复

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-662-05794-0_4
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发表时间:
2004
期刊:
--
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
J. Hawari
J. Hawari
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Jian;D. Fournier;S. Thiboutot;G. Ampleman;J. Hawari

文献摘要

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相似文献

炸药是高能化学物质,在短时间内爆炸时会释放大量能量和气体产物。炸药的历史可以追溯到欧洲工业革命开始之前很久的黑火药的开发(Linder et al. 1980)。一些最常制造和使用的二次炸药包括2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)、二硝基甲苯(DNT)、1,3,5-三硝基苯(TNB)、N,2,4,6-四硝基-N-甲基苯胺(四硝基)、三硝基甘油(TNG)、硝基胍(NQ)、乙二醇二硝酸酯(EGDN)、硝基纤维素(NC)、季戊四醇四硝酸酯 (PETN)、缩水甘油基叠氮化物聚合物 (GAP)、六氢=1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪 (RDX)、八氢-1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四佐辛 (HMX) 和 2,4,6,8,10,12-六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷 (CL-20) (图1)。
Explosives are highly energetic chemicals that release large amounts of energy and gaseous products upon detonation in a short period of time. The history of explosives dates back to the development of black powder long before the industrial revolution started in Europe (Linder et al. 1980). Some of the most frequently manufactured and used secondary explosives include 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), dinitrotoluenes (DNT),1,3,5-trinitrobenzene(TNB),N,2,4,6-tetranitro-N-methylaniline (tetryl), trinitroglycerine (TNG), nitroguanidine (NQ), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), nitrocellulose (NC), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), hexahydro=1,3,5-trinitrio-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) (Fig. 1).