Policy Issues of Inclusion and Exclusion in Relation to Gender and Ageing in the South
Policy Issues of Inclusion and Exclusion in Relation to Gender and Ageing in the South
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南方与性别和老龄化有关的包容和排斥的政策问题
DOI：
10.1080/09578810108426792
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Risseeuw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Risseeuw
在今后几十年中，南方国家的政府和决策者将越来越多地必须处理与社会老龄化进程有关的问题。老年人人数不断增加的问题已经列入世界范围的政策议程。本文认为，发展一个性别和背景的角度来看，这一人口结构的转变，这将涉及代际关系的重大变化。重点是南方国家，强调所涉及的文化异质性以及老龄化的关系方面。一个人如何经历比自己的长辈更老，在很大程度上取决于社会文化背景，以及一个人与家庭、邻居、朋友、社区的关系，以及获得现有形式的国家支助安排的机会。世界银行1994年老龄问题报告和经合组织1988年报告在概述这一问题时，主要侧重于老龄“危机”这一世界性（金融）政策问题。在我看来，这样做淡化了文化差异以及老龄化的关系方面。本文旨在概述一个不断演变的指标的初步和比较框架，以分析和提高我们对社会老龄化不同过程的理解。在比较研究的基础上制定有洞察力的指标，可以最大限度地提高社会资本，最大限度地减少不同国家和文化背景下老龄人口的社会排斥。这将有助于分析当地现有的“社会契约”的连续性，涉及日常生活安排、社区和国家安全措施的三个层面。
In the coming decades, governments and policy-makers in the South will increasingly have to address issues relating to the process of societal ageing. The issue of increasing numbers of old people has already reached policy agendas world-wide. This article argues for developing a gendered and contextual perspective on this demographic transition, which will involve substantial change in intergenerational relations. The focus is on countries in the South, emphasising the cultural heterogeneity involved, as well as the relational aspects of ageing. How one experiences growing older than one's own elders depends to a large extent on the socio-cultural context as well as the relations one has with family, neighbours, friends, community and the access to available forms of state support arrangements. While outlining the issue, the World Bank Report on Ageing of 1994 and the OECD report of 1988 have, focused mainly on the ‘crisis’ of ageing as a world-wide (financial) policy problem. In doing so, in my view, it has downplayed cultural differences as well as the relational aspects of ageing. This article aims at outlining a tentative and comparative framework for evolving indicators to analyse and enhance our understanding of the divergent process of societal ageing. Developing insightful indicators, based on comparative research, can lead to the maximising of social capital and the minimising of social exclusion for ageing populations within different state and cultural contexts. It would facilitate analysing the continuum of locally existing ‘social contracts’, involving the three levels of day-to-day living arrangements, community and state security measures.