Recently induced anoxia leading to the preservation of seasonal laminae in two NE-German lakes
Recently induced anoxia leading to the preservation of seasonal laminae in two NE-German lakes
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最近引起的缺氧导致德国东北部两个湖泊中季节性纹层的保存
DOI：
10.1007/s10933-013-9745-3
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Brauer A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kienel U;Dulski P;Lorenz S;Brauer A
德国东北部低地的两个湖泊最近的沉积物在不同的时间发生了季节性的分层。缺氧的海底条件是有机质(OM)过剩的结果，早期表现为含有丰富的铁-硫化物框架体的不规则层状沉积物。它们的成岩作用形成早于生物化学方解石脉的保存。在克洛克辛附近更大、更深的铁弗湖，缺氧是逐步发展起来的。第一个缺氧脉冲与铁路大坝建设和OM积累导致的流入变窄同时发生。湖泊环流(周转)强度的减弱是有利的。然后，从人造肥料中引入的养分使初级生产量(硅藻)增加到OM过剩的程度，季节性叶片的形成始于40年后的1924年。在Uckermark看到的更小、更浅的铁费尔湖，一个巨大的硫化铁脉冲集中在1960年左右，也就是安装管道现场排水到湖中七年后。随着从比地表集水区大10倍的肥沃地下水集水区排放养分，缺氧迅速发展，同时减少了地表侵蚀。在1967年后，减少底部的条件变得规则，季节性分层被保留下来。筛选湖泊中各种沉积物的形态标准应包括减少自然入湖流量和增加集水区，例如通过田间排水的流入。类似的营养物质输入增加或湖泊循环强度降低的发展可能是历史上人类活动的结果，也可能是自然过程的结果。
The recent sediments of two lakes in the NE German lowland became seasonally laminated at different times. Anoxic bottom conditions resulted from a surplus of organic matter (OM), in the early stage indicated by irregularly laminated sediments comprising abundant iron-sulfide framboids. Their diagenetic formation predates the preservation of biochemical calcite varves. In the larger, deeper Lake Tiefer See near Klocksin, anoxia developed stepwise. A first anoxic pulse was contemporary with inflow narrowing by railway-dam construction and accumulation of OM. It was favored by a decrease of the intensity of lake circulation (turnover). Nutrients introduced from artificial fertilizer then increased the primary production (diatoms) to the point of OM surplus and seasonal laminae formation started 40 years later in 1924. In the smaller, shallower Lake Tiefer See in the Uckermark, a massive pulse of iron sulfide was centered around 1960, seven years after installation of piped field drainage into the lake. Anoxia developed rapidly with the nutrients drained from a fertilized groundwater catchment that is 10 times larger than the surface catchment, while surface erosion was reduced. Reducing bottom conditions became regular and the seasonal lamination was preserved after 1967. Morphological criteria to screen lakes for varved sediments should include reductions of natural lake inflow and catchment increase, such as by inflow of field drainage. Similar developments of increased nutrient input or intensity decrease of lake circulation may result from historical human activities but also from natural processes.
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