Fluctuations in the electron system of a superconductor exposed to a photon flux
Fluctuations in the electron system of a superconductor exposed to a photon flux
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暴露于光子通量的超导体电子系统的波动
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
T. Klapwijk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Visser;P. Visser;J. Baselmans;J. Bueno;N. Llombart;T. Klapwijk
在电子成对的超导体中，当温度接近零度时，未成对电子的密度应该变为零。因此，基于对破断的辐射探测器具有极高的灵敏度，我们用铝超导微波谐振器证明了这一点。在这里，我们证明了谐振器还可以研究超导体的电子系统对破对光子、微波光子和变化温度的响应。通过仔细过滤来自黑体源的辐射，可以选择较大范围的辐射功率（1.54太赫兹）。我们确定了两种制度。在高辐射功率下，由光子随机到达率引起的电子系统波动被解决，给出了一个直接的光学效率测量（48±8%），并显示出前所未有的探测器灵敏度。在低辐射功率下，波动主要由过量准粒子控制，其数量通过它们的复合寿命来测量。基于超导谐振器的电磁辐射探测器具有从天文学到量子计算的一系列潜在用途。De Visser等人展示了一种超导体探测器，它具有前所未有的灵敏度，仅受超导体电子系统波动的限制。
In a superconductor, in which electrons are paired, the density of unpaired electrons should become zero when approaching zero temperature. Therefore, radiation detectors based on breaking of pairs promise supreme sensitivity, which we demonstrate using an aluminium superconducting microwave resonator. Here we show that the resonator also enables the study of the response of the electron system of the superconductor to pair-breaking photons, microwave photons and varying temperatures. A large range in radiation power (at 1.54 THz) can be chosen by carefully filtering the radiation from a blackbody source. We identify two regimes. At high radiation power, fluctuations in the electron system caused by the random arrival rate of the photons are resolved, giving a straightforward measure of the optical efficiency (48±8%) and showing an unprecedented detector sensitivity. At low radiation power, fluctuations are dominated by excess quasiparticles, the number of which is measured through their recombination lifetime. Electromagnetic radiation detectors based on superconducting resonators have a range of potential uses from astronomy to quantum computing. De Visser et al.demonstrate a superconductor detector with unprecedented sensitivity limited only by fluctuations in the electron system of the superconductor.