The Coral Reef Ecosystem
The Coral Reef Ecosystem
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-54304-8_9
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Raghukumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Raghukumar
珊瑚礁是一个高生产力和生物多样性的生态系统。石器时代真菌的菌丝主要属于兼性海洋真菌，遍及珊瑚骨骼，引起生物侵蚀。在珊瑚上、珊瑚体内和珊瑚粘液中生活着许多新的谱系，具有高度多样性的吸虫、寄生孢子、子囊菌和担子菌。石蒜科的子囊菌是专性、海洋、珊瑚状真菌。真菌可能与珊瑚互惠共生。不利的环境条件可能会通过破坏共生或共生的平衡，引发石器时代的真菌寄生在珊瑚中。真菌也栖息在健康和患病的柳珊瑚或软珊瑚中。系统性曲霉是一种在柳珊瑚海域广泛传播的曲霉病的病原体。许多真菌生活在海绵中，其数量和多样性可能因宿主物种和地理位置而异。马拉色菌和其他酵母菌是海绵的常见居住者。有些可能在海绵的整个生命周期中与之相关，可能是以一种互惠互利的方式。
Coral reefs are a highly productive and biologically diverse ecosystem. Hyphae of endolithic fungi, mostly belonging to facultative marine fungi, pervade coral skeleton and cause bioerosion. A high diversity of thraustochytrids, chytrids, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes with many novel lineages live on and within corals as well as in coral mucus. Ascomycete members of the family Koralionastaceae are obligate, marine, corallicolous fungi. Fungi may be mutualistic with corals. Adverse environmental conditions may trigger endolithic fungi to become parasitic in corals by disturbing the equilibrium of commensalism or mutualism. Fungi also inhabit healthy and diseased gorgonian or soft corals.Aspergillus sydowiiis the causal agent of a widespread disease called aspergillosis in the sea fanGorgonia. A number of fungi live in sponges, numbers and diversity of which may vary with host species and geographical locations.Malasseziaand other yeasts are frequent inhabitants of sponges. Some may be associated with sponges through their entire life cycle, probably in a mutualistic manner.